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Ocean Circulation Ocean Circulation forms the main circulation of the oceans About North Pacific South Pacific, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean Atlantic ocean circulation formed the climate impact of the Kuroshio currents slow climb four major fishing grounds currents anecdotes unfold Edit this paragraph ocean circulation Ocean Circulation vastness of the ocean, not a backwater, but full of vitality. Seawater flowing all the time. Open a current chart, you will find the above curves like those who, like earthworms, are broadly representative of the water flow line. Them end to end, endless loop, which is the surface of the ocean circulation, we vividly likened to "the sea of ​​blood." The wind and the sea salt under the action of heat, water flows from one to another sea waters, the waters eventually flow back to the original end to end flow independent circulation systems or spin. Ocean surface wind circulation and distribution are closely related. In addition to horizontal circulation, there are vertical circulation, namely lifting flow (see upwelling, down stream). North and south of the equator low latitude waters, due to the southeast trade winds and the role of the northeast trade winds, formed from east to west of South Equatorial Current and the North Equatorial Current, they are hindered by the ocean leaving the west coast water levels (per 100 one thousand meters can be elevated 4 cm), respectively, the main tributary flows north to south and go, each with a small share tributaries were flowing northward and southward, near the confluence of the equator, the water level rise, thus forming the equator from west to east reflux. Sea in mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, north of the main tributaries of the prevailing westerly winds driven by sea and turned eastward, forming the North Atlantic and North Pacific stream flows are blocked by the sea coast and southward and northward into the two a tributary. In the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude waters, south of the main tributaries driven by the prevailing westerly winds into flow from west to east, because there is no barrier to form around the Earth coast of the Antarctic circumpolar current flow. The high-latitude waters in the Southern Hemisphere, as well as polar easterlies flow, then fold it in case the land northward. All of these currents, forming a surface layer of the ocean circulation system. In addition to the ocean surface circulation, there are deep ocean circulation. Edit this paragraph in the ocean currents flowing in the form of many forms, in addition to surface circulation, there secretly in the lower undercurrent flowing from live under upwelling, sinking down to the bottom of streams, water currents higher than the surrounding sea surface temperature warm, the water temperature is lower than the cold flowing waters, water rotating vortex flow, and so on. Throughout the ocean currents, both mainstream, there are tributaries of constantly feeding the salts, dissolved oxygen and heat, so that the ocean is full of vitality. Edit this paragraph the main circulation of the oceans Introduction

ocean circulation

ocean waters is never stationary. It is like a river on land that, over many years along the route flowing relatively fixed, this is the "currents." However, the rivers is the land, while the two sides are still sea currents. Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to see with the naked eye out. The world's largest ocean current, there are hundreds of kilometers wide and thousands of kilometers long, hundreds of meters deep. Ocean currents very large. Not all currents flowing in one direction. North Pacific surface has a clockwise circulation, including the North Equatorial Stream, North Pacific Stream, California, as cold, etc.; surface there is a counter-clockwise circulation in the South Pacific, the South Equatorial Current, East Australian current, wind drift and Peru currents components. Its southern and northern Atlantic have a circulation pattern is similar in general and the Pacific. North Atlantic circulation by the North Equatorial Current, the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic stream processing flow that Li Hai composition; South Atlantic circulation by the South Equatorial Current, Brazil currents, wind drift and Benguela cold components. Indian Ocean, a little bit special, just south of the equator have a circulation north of the equator in the central Indian Ocean, ocean domain is too small, but also by land affected, do not form a stable circulation for many years. Because different seasons, the direction of the northern Indian Ocean currents, with the monsoon change, summer is the flow from east to west, and the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea in the formation of two small clockwise circulation; winter, on the contrary, currents from west to east. As the Arctic Ocean in a unique position, but also by the domination of the Atlantic currents, only the formation of a clockwise circulation. Edit this paragraph in the formation of oceanic seawater is never stationary. It is like a river on land that, over many years along the route flowing relatively fixed, this is the "currents." However, the rivers is the land, while the two sides are still sea currents. Under normal circumstances, it is difficult to see with the naked eye out. The world's largest ocean current, there are hundreds of kilometers wide and thousands of kilometers long, hundreds of meters deep. Ocean currents very large. Not all currents flowing in one direction. In the North Pacific, the surface has a clockwise circulation outside; in the South Pacific also has a direction opposite to the circulation. They consist of the South Equatorial Current, East Australian current, wind drift and Peru currents consisting of anti-clockwise circulation. In the northern and southern Atlantic also have a circulation pattern is similar in general and the Pacific. North Atlantic circulation by the North Equatorial Current, the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic stream processing flow that Li Hai composition; South Atlantic circulation by the South Equatorial Current, Brazil currents, wind drift and the Benguela Current composition. Indian Ocean, a little bit special, just south of the equator have a circulation north of the equator in the central Indian Ocean, ocean domain is too small, but also by land affected, do not form a stable circulation for many years. Because different seasons, the direction of the northern Indian Ocean currents, with the monsoon change, summer is the flow from east to west, and the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea in the formation of two small clockwise circulation; winter, on the contrary, currents from west to east. As the Arctic Ocean in a unique position, but also by the domination of the Atlantic currents, only the formation of a clockwise circulation. Formation of ocean circulation, for many reasons. Wind, ocean location, sea and land distribution patterns, generated by the Earth's rotation bias force (known as the Coriolis force) exerted influence and so can be said that the combined result of many factors. Wind can not only set off a wave, but also blowing water into streams. Perennial stability of wind action, can form an enduring currents. Prolonged non-stop stream of the equator, is to be sweeping the easterly trade winds formed. Steady westerly drift, they have attributed to strong westerlies. Therefore, it was the ocean surface current, known as the "wind currents." However, the formation of ocean circulation, "ring", but not be able to credit are recorded in the books of the wind on the distribution of the mainland and the Coriolis force, have occupied an important position. When the equatorial flow all the way west, to the west edge of the ocean, by the mainland blocked the road, placed in front of only two choices, one backtrack east coast, and second turn. However, because the "follow-on forces," mighty, with an endless stream of come full return is not possible, the separation of a small unit had sneaked into the lower back, becoming the equatorial undercurrent; open up most of the rest had to bend his way, move on. Note Where do I turn it? Then, the Coriolis force to help it. In the Northern Hemisphere, currents by the Coriolis force, they would turn right, then make it turn to the left in the southern hemisphere. Furthermore, the mainland of the block, ripe, currents will be large-scale poleward turning up. Poleward flowing into the sea on the way, not a moment to relax geostrophic force, pull side getting more and more momentum, to about 40 degrees latitude, the strong westerlies and the Coriolis force form a concerted effort to make the eastward currents become westerly drift. Similarly, westerly drift into the ocean near the east coast, is bound by way toward the equator, thus completing a large loop. [] An atmospheric circulation characteristics, average circulation two, three zonal circulation, mean meridional circulation four, five formation mechanism of atmospheric circulation, the monsoon circulation six, natural weather season why the pressure field is usually expressed atmospheric circulation atmospheric circulation conditions Basically a quasi-horizontal movement; quasi geostrophic wind nature - in parallel with the isobars. Perspective observed atmospheric circulation of the atmosphere the same horizontal plane movement of roughly east-west direction along the zonal circulation moving roughly north-south direction movement condition meridional circulation in an average horizontal circulation (a) low-level circulation (sea level) 1. Pressure General characteristics field along latitudinal zonal pressure or monomer-like distribution equatorial low pressure zone (heat causes permanent) subtropical zone (momentum causes permanent) subpolar low pressure zone (momentum causes permanent) Polar high pressure zone ( Heat causes permanent) from January to July, the south, the northern hemisphere pressure belt moves northward, on the contrary, moved south. 2 January pressure field characteristics (1) latitude: equatorial low pressure zone (2) mid-latitude: Northern Hemisphere two subtropical monomer, stay on the ocean Atlantic: Azores high-Pacific: Hawaii, on the mainland of the Northern Hemisphere high Heat causes cold high (semi-permanent) Eurasia: Mongolian High North American continent: North America Southern Hemisphere three subtropical high monomer: South Pacific High, South Atlantic high pressure, Indian pressure (3) high latitudes: Northern Hemisphere two sub-polar low pressure single body, located on the Atlantic Ocean: Icelandic low-Pacific: Aleutian Low southern latitude circle formed around the sub-polar low pressure zone (4) Cushman & Wakefield: North and South Polar high Northern Hemisphere: Greenland, northern Canada and Siberia, the southern hemisphere: Antarctica 3 July Pressure field characteristics (1) latitude: area of ​​low pressure near the equator (2) mid-latitude: Northern Hemisphere two subtropical monomer increases the strength and scope of the Northern Hemisphere continents as heat causes thermal low pressure (semi-permanent) in southern Asia: India's low North American Southwest Department: North America formed the Southern Hemisphere subtropical high pressure belt (3) in high latitudes: Northern Hemisphere two sub polar low intensity and reduced range of monomers to form around the Southern Hemisphere zonal subpolar low pressure zone (4) Cushman & Wakefield: North and South Polar high pressure 4. flow Field General characteristics ITCZ ​​(no wind band): rising air heated convergence to form cloud bands and a lot of precipitation, the internal static wind zone. North-South trade winds: south toward the equator from the subtropical air in Gn, A and R are formed under northeast and southeast trade winds, the weather is stable. Westerlies: On the north side of the formation of subtropical westerly. Polar easterlies: high monomer outflow from the polar cold, dry air anticyclonic movement, the south of the relatively weak easterly winds. Vice intersection of cold and warm air inside the polar low formation of the polar front, the ground for cyclonic flow field, forming the winter in North America and Europe, precipitation, and the cold and wet climate. (Two) a high level of circulation. Isobaric and isobaric chart (1) isobaric surface: spatial pressure equal to the value of each point consisting of the face, usually a curved, high-value isobaric surface in the next, low value isobaric surface on top. Isobaric high from the same place it in the horizontal plane corresponding to the high-pressure area (ridge); isobaric sunken place it in the horizontal plane corresponds to a low pressure area (trough). (2), and Dough will be a three-dimensional figure isobaric surface into two-dimensional contour. Find an isobaric surface at a height over sea level over the distance, and then on the plan drawn contour map is isobaric chart 2. Northern Hemisphere 500 hPa isobaric surface over the situation in the polar winter and summer are occupied by polar low winter stronger than the summer. January two centers: western Greenland polar region (strong) and Siberian Arctic coast (weak); July a Center: northwestern Greenland, in low latitudes over the winter and summer, there are high; pressure center in the Pacific Atlantic and northern Africa, Xia Qiang in the winter. 3 General characteristics of the horizontal circulation flow field also dominated zonal circulation; in the middle and high latitudes over the prevailing westerly winds throughout the year, there is a huge wave trough and ridge, known as the West storm; low latitudes over the easterly winds. The development of two western storm, the average zonal circulation a Northern Hemisphere mean zonal wind meridional vertical section equator and its vicinity, in winter and summer are deep in the east, from winter to summer, easterly moving northward range extension , the intensity increases. Mid-latitudes in winter and summer are occupied by strong westerly winds, scope and intensity increases with altitude, westerly jet at 200 ~ 300 hPa over the winter and stronger in the summer. Polar surface layer, winter and summer shallow weak easterly, its thickness and strength are the winter than in summer. 2 zonal wind near the ground floor with a division of the zonal wind belt can be divided into low-latitude westerly trade winds in the polar easterlies latitude zonal wind with altitude can be divided into low-latitude easterlies in the high-latitude westerlies three, the average meridional circulation one of the northern hemisphere winter and summer there three average circulations Hadley circulations: the strongest Ferrel cell ring: the weakest (westerly jet) latitude circulation loop: times stronger 2. seasonal variation circulation circle strength and range are large in winter than in summer; position from winter to summer move to high latitudes of about 10 latitude. Fourth, the formation mechanism of an atmospheric circulation. Temperature and pressure field latitudinal fractionation temperature of the poles from the equator pointing horizontal gradient; on the ground, from the polar (polar thermal pressure) point to the Equator (Equator thermal low pressure) of the horizontal pressure gradient; in the troposphere The middle and upper point is generated from the equator polar horizontal pressure gradient. 2 zonal and meridional circulation formation 3. Graph model five, monsoon circulation (a) the definition of the monsoon flow alternation of two different properties, and this has obvious seasonal alternation. Specific indicators: January and July Prevailing wind significant change with the seasons, the angle of at least 120 °, two months, the average frequency of prevailing wind is greater than 40%; two kinds monsoon from different sources, and thus the nature of its air mass differences are significant ; produce weather and climate phenomena has obvious seasonal Edit this paragraph the climate impact of ocean circulation short, warm climate on the coast of the ocean warming humidifier can play the role of cold weather on the ocean coast is played Desuperheating dehumidification effect. Visible following specific examples: warm waters near the equator polar waters flowing through the circulation, the polar cold water circulation flow through the equatorial waters of the world ocean circulation constituted. Earth's ocean circulation is to maintain the heat balance of important factors. The greatest impact on the terrestrial climate is the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream currents. Edit this paragraph Kuroshio high temperature and high saline waters from the equatorial Pacific Ocean,indoor soccer shoes 2013, the waters began to shift from the east of the Philippines, close to the eastern province of China Taiwan into the East China Sea, flows along the trench northeast of Okinawa, the Japanese archipelago directly to the North Pacific coast. Kuroshio ocean like a river, 100-200 km wide, 400-500 m deep, flow rate 3-4 km per hour, the total flow of the river flow considerably around the world 20 times. Warm waters of the Gulf Stream from the Atlantic equatorial waters. Gulfstream Gulf of Mexico from the Caribbean began to shift, therefore, also known as the Gulf Stream. It cut through the Atlantic flows to the Arctic Ocean. NWE bring warmth to the Atlantic warm. Kuroshio seawater temperature and salinity significantly higher than both sides of the sea, from the satellite photo, color depth than the sides of the sea. Who sailed across the Kuroshio, careful observation, can also feel this unique Kuroshio movement. Kuroshio ocean community acknowledged the Chinese people first discovered. Chinese Ming and Qing dynasties, Okinawa is a Chinese vassal kingdom. Whenever the old king died, the new king to the throne, the Emperor of China's canonization must be considered legitimate. Chinese envoys Guanchuan canonized by the Fuzhou starting flag for the navigation to the Diaoyu Islands, across the Kuroshio reach Okinawa. Chinese envoys Zuochuan canonized over the Kuroshio Sea festival to be held at the ceremony. After returning envoys in China "Report" and the writings of the Kuroshio many records. At that time China called the Kuroshio is "off the pole." Monograph oceanographer, said Chinese people find Kuroshio time thousands of years. Dating back about 3,000 years ago, Zhou King Wu, the demise of the Shang Dynasty. Shang Dynasty "meaning do not eat millet weeks", have fled overseas. During this period a large number of sailing east to the Shang Dynasty, found Kuroshio is possible. High temperature and salinity of the black tide, carrying a huge amount of heat, mighty, day and night flowing from south to north, to Japan, Korea and China coastal bring rain and a suitable climate. Of course, in addition to warm and cold outside. Cold polar waters toward the equator from the waters. Cold than warm current flowing through the coastal areas of the coastal climate to be much colder. Such as the Russian Far East coast, as pro-surge (Kuril cold) the impact of coastal areas with very different the same latitude north-western Europe, belonging to the cold regions. Edit this paragraph currents slow climb southeast coast of Peru in the Pacific Ocean coastline of over 2200 km. Peru is the world famous coastal fisheries. In the 1950s, the Peruvian fisheries production has been more than ten million tons by 1962 after the faster development of fisheries, fishing production reached 6.96 million tons, ranking first in the world at that time. Since then, it has increased, to 1970,nike cr7, exceeded 10 million tons mark, reaching more than 1300 tons, Peru became world famous fishing power. At the same time, attracting hordes of seabirds in coastal and island accumulated a huge amount of guano phosphate. Every year hundreds of tons of guano and a lot of fish meal exports to Peru in exchange for huge foreign exchange has become an important pillar of the economy. Peru developed fisheries attention of the world, fruitful results, the Peruvians also pleasantly surprised. Who gave Peru to create such a rich fishery resources through research scientists, has finally solved the mystery. Original or currents credit. However, this kind of currents are not Recall ocean circulation, it is in the horizontal direction of ocean currents. Peruvian fisheries form, is another in the vertical direction flowing currents, called upwelling. Since upwelling velocity is too small, about one per second increased only dry sub cm, less than a day has risen by about l m, is not easy to detect it. However,messi cleats 2013, it is also slowly reveal the secret. Scientists seawater temperature, salinity analysis, you will find it's whereabouts. Because the sea water temperature is relatively cool, salinity is relatively high, the lower ocean upwelling of water can come up to the sea. So, in a rising stream where water temperatures are lower than the surrounding, in the summer or tropical waters, lower than the surrounding 5-8 ℃; salinity also significantly higher than the surrounding seawater higher. Therefore, if they find the water temperature lower than the surrounding seawater, seawater salinity higher than the surrounding sea, generally can be concluded that there is a rising stream here. Upwelling more slowly, due to its own gravity to overcome, but also to withstand the tremendous pressure above the sea and the surrounding seawater resistance. This is just as on land, climbing a mountain, certainly better than the flat road to tired to go slower for the same reason. Edit this paragraph four major fishing grounds 1. Peruvian fishing grounds - Peru cold (upwelling) 2. Hokkaido Fisheries (Japan) - Japanese warm, Kuril cold (cold warm intersection form) 3. Newfoundland Fisheries (Canada) - North Atlantic Drift, cold Labrador (Cold Stream intersection form) 4. North Sea fisheries (Nordic) - North Atlantic Drift Edit this paragraph anecdote ancient ocean currents, from Europe to the Americas when Christopher Columbus, take a shorter route with a distance of 37 days, while another long distance walking route only took 22 days, how it happened? Original ocean currents in the mischief. Walking distance shorter route is the inverse of the North Atlantic Drift, the time naturally long. And another long distance walking route along the Canary Shique is cold, the North Equatorial Stream, Gulf Stream, the time naturally short.