Mercuric chloride

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Basic Information Regulatory Information Name Formula relative molecular mass storage use security measures traits emergency fire fighting methods and chemical constants chemical toxicological data destruction methods Health Hazard Emergency Medical Diagnosis principles of environmental standards in emergency monitoring methods leak Handling Precautions First aid measures to manage information monitoring methods expand the national standard basic information Edit this paragraph regulatory information mercuric chloride (toxic)

mercuric chloride

This product is based on "Dangerous Chemicals Regulations" by the public security department controls. Name Chinese Name: high mercury chloride, mercury chloride, mercuric chloride, corrosive mercuric chloride, mercuric chloride English Synonyms: Mercury (II) chloride, Mercury bichloride, Mercury chloride, Mercury perchloride, Mercury perchloride, Corrosive mercury chloride CAS No. :7487 -94-7 [1] chemical formula HgCl2 relative molecular mass 271.50 White crystalline, white powder or granules. When trace volatile at room temperature, 100 ℃ became evident when, at about 300 ℃, continued evaporation. 1G was dissolved in 13.5ml of water, 2.1ml of boiling water, 3.8ml of ethanol, 1.6ml boiling ethanol, 22ml ether, 12ml glycerol, 40ml of glacial acetic acid, 200ml of benzene. Soluble in methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate, slightly soluble in carbon disulfide and pyridine. a pH of about 4.7,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats ShoesNike Mercurial Victory IV IC Orange yellow black , has also been reported 0.2mol / L aqueous solution of pH 3.2. This product can condense proteins. Mercuric chloride in case of sodium hydroxide to give a yellow precipitate, can this distinguished calomel. The relative density of 5.4. M.p. 277 ℃. Boiling point 303 ℃. Highly toxic. Sealed cool dry storage stored. Use spot analysis determination of arsenic and tin. Volumetric analysis determination of iron. Determination of iodine value. Clinical blood tests. Urobilin analysis. Naphthalene's determination of the amount of nitrogen in the soil. Catalyst in organic synthesis. Preservatives. Disinfectant. In medicine, a surgeon with 1 g mercuric chloride dissolved in 1 kg under water as a disinfectant. Security measures leak: isolation leakage polluted area, restricting access. Recommended emergency personnel wearing self-contained breathing apparatus to wear protective clothing. Do not direct contact with leakage. Small leak: Dust to avoid using cleaner shovel collection in a dry, clean, covered containers. Lot leaked: plastic sheeting, canvas cover and reduce dispersion. Then the collection, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites. Fire fighting methods Flammability: Non-flammable Extinguishing Media: Water, sand. Emergency treatment Inhalation: rapidly from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airway patency. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Doctor. Ingestion: oral intake of water were found to blues or egg white. Doctor. Contact with the skin: stripped of contaminated clothing, use soap and water thoroughly washed skin. Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile or saline irrigation water. Doctor. Edit this paragraph chemical constants main ingredients: pure.

mercuric chloride

Appearance: colorless or white crystalline powder, trace volatile at room temperature. Melting point (℃): 276. Boiling Point (℃): 302. Relative density (water = 1): 5.44. Relative vapor density (air = 1): Vapor pressure (kPa): 0.13 (136.2 ℃). Heat of combustion (kJ / mol): meaningless. Flash point (℃): Stability and reactivity: Stable. INCOMPATIBILITY: Strong oxidizing agents, strong alkalis. Conditions to Avoid: Light. Hazardous characteristics: with alkali metal can react violently. Solubility: soluble in water, alcohol, ether, ethyl acetate, insoluble in carbon disulfide. The main purposes: for organic synthesis catalyst, preservatives, disinfectants and analytical reagents Edit this paragraph chemical properties of mercuric chloride and sodium hydroxide to form a yellow precipitate. Mercury chloride was added an excess of ammonia to give a white mercury chloride group Hg (NH2) Cl precipitation: HgCl2 +2 NH3 ─ → Hg (NH2) Cl ↓ + NH4Cl Hg (NH2) Cl heating without melting, and decomposition of Hg2Cl2, NH3 and N2, and is called infusible white precipitate. If the mercury chloride solution contain large amounts of ammonium chloride, aqueous ammonia, then get diammine chloride, mercury Hg (NH3) 2Cl2 a white crystalline precipitate, this precipitate was thermally melted without decomposition, it is known as the meltable white precipitation. Excess chlorine in the reaction with mercury, mercury chloride can be obtained: Hg + Cl2 ─ → HgCl2 HgCl2 in water is almost non-conductive, even in very dilute solution, it is no more than 0.5% of degree of ionization. This means mainly HgCl2 molecules in solution form, only a small number of HgCl +, Hg2 + and Cl-. HgCl2 is a covalent compound, which is a small degree of ionization of weak electrolyte. Edit this paragraph laboratory methods of destruction can be converted into a small amount of HgCl2 HgS to be destroyed HgCl2 + Na2S = HgS (precipitation) +2 NaCl dissolved in the excess sulfide HgS, so often need to join the co-precipitation of ferrous sulfate Edit this paragraph Health hazard pathways: inhaled, ingested, percutaneous absorption. Health hazards: mercury ions can sulfhydryl enzyme activity loss, loss of function; also with amino groups in the enzyme, two mercapto group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and combination of intracellular phosphate, causing the corresponding damage. Acute poisoning: headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, dreams, stomatitis, fever and other symptoms. May have loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Some patients red skin rash. In severe cases of interstitial pneumonia and renal damage. Oral corrosion can occur in acute gastroenteritis, severe coma, shock, or necrotic nephropathy induced acute renal failure. Eye irritation. Can cause dermatitis. Chronic poisoning: manifestations of neurasthenia syndrome; easily excited disease; mental or emotional disorders, such as timid, shy, irritability, crying, etc.; mercury toxicity tremor; stomatitis. There are a few cases of liver and kidney damage. Edit this paragraph Toxicological information Acute toxicity: LD50: 1 mg / kg (rat oral); 41 mg / kg (rabbit percutaneous). Acute poisoning include headache, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, dreams, stomatitis, fever and other symptoms. High mercury chloride oral lethal dose for dogs is 10 ~ 15 mg / kg, intravenous injection of 4 ~ 5 mg / kg; while mercurous chloride (calomel) by mouth was 210 mg / kg. Acute poisoning animals see loss of appetite, drinking water, salivation, vomiting, bloody stools and diarrhea, eye inflammation, general weakness, unsteady gait, increased excitability, such as performance, some animals have tremors, paralysis, and sometimes convulsions. High mercury chloride was mainly due to sudden death due to cardiac conduction system and spinal cord damage, 1 ~ 3 d those who have died within the gastrointestinal damage, 5 d after death see kidney damage, mainly proximal tubule extensive necrosis, can induce acute renal failure. Gastrointestinal damage manifested as mucosal inflammation, bleeding ulcers (common in the large intestine). And a liver cell degeneration. Oral corrosion can occur in acute gastroenteritis, severe coma, shock, or necrotic nephropathy induced acute renal failure. Eye irritation can cause dermatitis. After oral administration of mercuric chloride may occur immediately or after a few hours, nausea, vomiting, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, and blood in the stool. Severe cases may occur shock, coma. Poisoning can occur early stomatitis, such as a large number of salivation, oral mucosa and gingival swelling, congestion, erosion, toothache, or even fall off. After oral administration of 1-2 days, may have proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine output. In severe cases died of uremia. Can occur late esophageal stricture. Subchronic and chronic toxicity: chronic poisoning of animals, the earliest changes in behavior, followed by nervous system dysfunction, there are changes in blood leukocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and then the liver and kidney dysfunction. Mercury chronic renal damage in recent years attracted attention early renal tubular dysfunction, appear low molecular weight proteinuria. Continued exposure can cause changes in glomerular permeability, high molecular weight protein appears in the urine. Metabolism: Mercury and its compounds through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or skin absorption, occupational poisoning mainly by inhalation of metallic mercury vapor or aerosol caused by mercury compounds. Metallic mercury is minimal absorption by the digestive tract. Inorganic mercury compounds in the digestive tract absorption rate depends on its solubility, is generally low, about 15%. Metallic mercury and inorganic mercury compounds can be directly absorbed through the skin. This approach is only in the use of drugs such as mercury ointment encountered. Carcinogenicity: IARC: suspected carcinogen. Mutagenicity: DNA repair: Bacillus subtilis 50 mmol / L. Sister chromatid exchange: Hamster Ovary Cells 3200 nmol / L. Edit this paragraph emergency medical diagnostic points (a) by a large amount of inorganic mercury compounds inhalation of dust caused by acute poisoning, the clinical manifestations similar to acute metallic mercury poisoning. (2) acute toxicity of inorganic mercury compounds and more from the oral (swallowed or suicide) due to skin contact or by the absorption caused by a large number of its solution. Mainly as corrosive and toxic nephropathy gastroenteritis. ① corrosive gastroenteritis: oral or soon after the performance stomatitis within a few hours, as well as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, subsequent manifestations of acute colitis symptoms, with a full abdominal pain, diarrhea, tenesmus, mucus or bloody discharge stool, severe pharyngeal edema can occur, can cause gastrointestinal perforation due to diffuse peritonitis. Patients may be due to water loss, abdominal pain, shock and other reasons. ② toxic nephropathy: Due to acute tubular cell necrosis, usually in the oral inorganic mercury compounds after a few days of back pain, proteinuria, urinary tube, oliguria. Severe cases anuria, edema, following soon after azotemia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and even life-threatening heart failure. Acute renal failure handled properly or through hemodialysis, the patient survived, after 1 to 2 weeks regeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells gradually into the polyuria phase, this time can cause water and electrolyte balance disorders. (3) inorganic mercury compound solution in contact with skin can cause contact dermatitis, erythema, papules, vesicles, easy to secondary infection can occur in severe exfoliative dermatitis. (4) Laboratory tests: Urine mercury, significantly elevated blood mercury (normal reference values ​​see metallic mercury poisoning), often accompanied by elevated peripheral leukocyte count, left shift. (5) Acute toxicity of inorganic mercury compounds should be noted with acute gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic colitis, acute nephritis phase identification. Principles (1) interrupt the absorption of poison. Stimulate the throat to induce vomiting or taking ipecac syrup 10 ~ 30 ml, 100 ml of warm water and then taking induce vomiting; finally with water or 2% sodium bicarbonate solution gastric lavage (hanged saline), but the corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract severe gastric lavage should be careful. Oral protein or milk, and finally give sodium or magnesium sulfate 20 ~ 30 g catharsis. (2) early use of antidotes. Drugs and driving method, see acute mercury metallic mercury poisoning. Acute renal failure not immediately drive mercury treatment, should be actively treated acute renal failure. (3) reasonable infusion, to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Acute renal failure, oliguria or anuria in the period to limit input,Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes 2012 Adidas F50 TRX TF Pro 2012 Black Orange Yellow , multi-phase urine to prevent hypokalemia. (4) the occurrence of acute renal failure, with special attention to correct hyperkalemia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, should be conditional hemodialysis treatment. (5) prevention of secondary infections, should pay attention to avoid the use of antibiotics with renal toxicity. (6) Refer to acute abdominal pain, stomatitis and metallic mercury poisoning treatment. (7) contact dermatitis can be 3% or 5% boron alkali thiosulfate wet, bullae removing the empty needle can be sterile blister fluid. In severe cases, the use of antibiotics at the same time the application of adrenal glucocorticoids. (8) to protect the liver and kidney function, can be used large doses of vitamin C, B vitamins, as well as ATP, coenzyme A, cytochrome C and other drugs. Edit this paragraph monitoring methods cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry "operating environment of toxic substances in air detection methods," Chen editor dithizone colorimetry "operating environment of toxic substances in air detection methods," Chen editor edit this section Environmental standards China (TJ36 -79) air workshop harmful substances maximum allowable concentration 0.1mg/m3 former Soviet surface highest allowable concentration 5μg / L the former Soviet Union (1975) sewage discharge standard 0.01mg / L [to Hg2 + count] Edit this paragraph emergency spill handling isolation leak contaminated areas, restricting access. Recommended emergency personnel wearing self-contained breathing apparatus to wear protective clothing. Do not direct contact with leakage. A small leak: Dust to avoid using cleaner shovel collection in a dry, clean, covered containers. Large Leak: plastic sheeting, canvas cover and reduce dispersion. Then the collection, recycling or shipped to the waste disposal sites. Protective measures respiratory protection: Workers should wear headgear electric powered air-purifying respirators and dust. When necessary, isolated wear respirators. Eye protection: Wear protective chemical safety glasses. Physical protection: wear a jumpsuit type 52,400. Hand protection: Wear rubber gloves. Other: work site prohibit smoking, eating and drinking. Work to complete, take a shower. Separate storage of toxic pollution by the clothes, washed standby. To maintain good health habits. Contact with the skin: stripped of contaminated clothing, use soap and water thoroughly washed skin. Eye contact: Did eyelid, mobile or saline irrigation water. Doctor. Inhalation: rapidly from the scene to fresh air. Keep the airway patency. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Doctor. Fresh into: oral intake of water were found to blues or egg white. Doctor. Hazardous combustion products: chloride, mercuric oxide. Edit this paragraph Operation Management Information Management: closed operation, local exhaust ventilation. The operator must go through specialized training, strict adherence to rules. Proposed operators wear self-absorption filter respirators, wearing chemical protective safety glasses, wearing a jumpsuit type tape protective clothing, wear rubber gloves. Avoid generating dust. Avoid contact with oxidizing agents, alkali contact. Handling of light when light unloading, packaging and containers to prevent damage. Equipped with spill response equipment. Empty containers may be harmful residues. Storage Management: Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat. Avoid light. Storage temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, relative humidity less than 70%. Sealed packaging. Should oxidants, alkalis, food chemicals stored separately and avoid mixing reservoir. Storage areas should be equipped with suitable host material spill. Highly toxic substances should be strictly implemented, "five pairs of" management system. Transportation Management: railway transport should be strictly in accordance with the Ministry of Railways "dangerous goods" in a dangerous cargo loading tables equipped. Check before shipping containers is complete, sealed, transportation process to ensure that the container does not leak, do not fall, do not fall, no damage. Is strictly prohibited and acids, oxidants, food and food additives mixed operation. Transport vehicles should be equipped with spill response equipment. Transit should prevent exposure, rain, anti-high temperature. Waste Management: According to the national and local disposal regulations. Or contact the vendor or manufacturer to determine the disposal method. Edit this paragraph monitoring methods 1 Emergency Monitoring Methods 2. Laboratory monitoring methods monitoring methods source categories cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry air Xu Bohong, Yan Huifang editor: "Workplace Hazardous Materials monitoring methods" dithizone spectrophotometric air Xu Bohong, Yan Huifang editor: "Workplace Hazardous Materials monitoring methods" Restore gasification - atomic absorption spectrometry air Xu Bohong, Yan Huifang editor: "Workplace Hazardous Materials monitoring methods" cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry air Chen editor: "operating environment of toxic substances in air detection method "dithizone colorimetry air Chen editor:" operating environment of toxic substances in air detection method "Edit this paragraph National Standard 1 China Occupational Exposure Limits (GBZ 2-2002) maximum allowable concentration (MAC) time-weighted average allowable concentration (TWA) exposure at permissible concentration (STEL) - 0.025 mg/m3 0.075 mg/m3 2. environmental standards former Soviet surface highest allowable concentration 5 μg / L the former Soviet Union (1975) sewage discharge standard 0.01 mg / L & # 91 ; to Hg2 account ]