Okuma Shigenobu

founded Waseda University

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characters introduced Biography University School profile built situation unfold Edit this paragraph character introduction Okuma Shigenobu, Japan, 8 and 17 of the Cabinet of any Prime Minister (Prime Minister). Hizen clan samurai origin. Patriots Meiji Restoration, one of the founders of Waseda University. Had two-term Prime Minister, he led the Japanese to establish a successful reform of modern industry, consolidating financial foundation, not only to save the newly established Meiji government, but also for the future of Japan off and laid a solid foundation. Edit this paragraph biography

 

Okuma Shigenobu in 1838 was born in Saga City, Japan Hizen clan, his father was the Saga clan gunnery long enjoyed a high salary. Saga Fan Zhu Xi was occupied in absolute mainstream, is called "Nabeshima Analects" narrow hidden Hui samurai compulsory bibliographic materials. Okuma Shigenobu was expelled as a reformist but Hirofumi Museum sake he has a chance to enter the Dutch culture of learning "Rangaku Laos' access to learning Rangaku opportunities. He also traveled to Nagasaki, learning about British culture. He has access to the Dutch constitution, the United States Declaration of Independence, to become a constitutional thinking mind young. His youth unrest are catching Meiji Restoration period, in order to promote the Saga clan adding "JUVENIA curtain down" movement, he paid hard work. During the Meiji Restoration Okuma most striking is that deal with financial problems and revising the unequal treaties. Meiji government in order to curb domestic unrest, foreign colonization avoid being taken Fuguoqiangbing policy with the European powers to seek seat on an equal status. This policy should take strong financial backing is not as self-evident. So we must rectify the chaotic monetary system, the processing of the fan all debts to repay debt. And deal with the problem Rank Lu, strengthen armaments industry and so can not colonize lack of funding, the need to increase and stabilize the treasury income. Government has taken other measures to increase rent. While there Okubo, pine Fang Zhengyi, Inoue Xin, Shibusawa first-class human effort, but we can not ignore in 1871 as a full-time Okura Daisuke Okuma credit. Freedom began in 1874 the civil rights movement made the biggest target is the establishment of an elected parliament. Accompanied by intense fighting, the government had to start thinking about the corresponding method. Members of the Government to seek Senate advice, Okuma Shigenobu Ito Hirobumi also memorialized the unmatched even radical solutions, the result was removed. At this point the cause of Hokkaido freedom due to a civil party to sell the industrial problems halt attacks. Emperor promulgated Congress will be opened in 1890 edict, freedom of the civil rights movement blocked, known as "14 years of the Meiji coup." Opened after the promulgation of the edict of Congress, in 1881 established a Itagaki the help of the Liberal Party of Prime Minister, 1882 was founded by Prime Minister Okuma Shigenobu constitutional improve the party. Parties are against Choshu clan valve regime parties. But as Ozaki Yukio comments: "The Liberal Party is composed by a number of hot-blooded gentry and their advocates extreme, so we (Constitutional improve the party) must choose a steady course of our party members should be knowledgeable, propertied, prestigious people, we need such people to organize themselves. " It can be said constitutional improve the party is based on "knowledge, possessions, fame" basis for the organization. Okuma also on "14 years of the Meiji coup" in the second year, ie in 1882 created the predecessor of Waseda University - Tokyo special school. Called the first of its kind to open Japan's political freedom, improved after the establishment of the two parties often generate opposition. In the meantime, the Liberal Party left the Fukushima incident aroused, Takada event, Gunma event, Olongapo mountain events, the Government is taking increasingly harsh repressive measures. 1884 the government ordered the dissolution of the Liberal Party. While improving the party has not been disbanded,nike indoor soccer shoes 2013, but in December the same year and vice president of Okuma Shigenobu and Kono sensitive sickle announced defections. Okuma fame has a strong heart, he participated in the 1888 and subsequent first Ito cabinet Kuroda cabinet as foreign minister, is committed to abolition of extraterritoriality, establishing tariff autonomy of revising the unequal treaties work.

Okuma Shigenobu

Okuma is, in its former Foreign Minister Inoue Xin modifications proposed civil rights case was sent within the opposition and the government failed to take over the job later. In terms concerning the abolition of extraterritoriality, Inoue cases involving foreigners agreed to join the trial judge foreigners,Mercurial Vapor VIII, and discretion. Okuma has put forward foreigners trial judge limited to large hospital. About tariff autonomy issues, Okuma agreed to abolish tariffs on Japanese self-determined rate. Raised part of the tentative agreement rate, part of the implementation of free assessment, after 12 years to achieve full tariff autonomy. 1889, the Japanese were the United States, Germany, Russia signed a new treaty, to make people see the hope of success. But the old Liberal party lines and national rights faction strongly criticized this proposal, like the case with Inoue humiliating, Okuma Foreign Minister in October 1889 was the mysterious island ocean club members to constant attacks and lose hi feet, was forced to resign in December. Since ancient Foreign Secretary of the work to modify the treaty as the center, the eventual abolition of extraterritoriality residence of foreigners Okuma program than five years later, to achieve understanding of tariff autonomy 10 years later. 1890 held the first session of the House of Representatives general election, the 300 capacity of the various factions in the Liberal Party obtained 131 seats, improving Party won 43 seats, more than half of the opposition seats. Since then China partisan lines continued to dominate, they advocate "saving finances, rest their resources" so Feudatory regime deeply distressed. Except during the Sino-Japanese War, the Democratic Party often so that the government's budget can not be passed. After the Sino-Japanese War, the third Ito Cabinet ready to adopt substantial rent increase administrative, military and business funding colonies, the Liberal Party and the Progressive Party (center to improve the party constitutionalists, and Constitutionalist Party, innovation merger) expressed opposition to make rent increase cases died, often opposing parties through this thing after a lapse of many years formed a united front. To combat Feudatory parties feel it is necessary to merge the government parties, so in June 1898 the two parties merged to form the constitutional party. Ito Prime Minister to confront it, you want to set up their own political party, but because of opposition from Yamagata and fall short of the cabinet was forced to resign. Ito recommend Okuma and board Huan took over the Prime Minister, known as the first political party in Japan's political history Okuma Cabinet Cabinet in June 30, 1898 was born. Local officials meeting in Okuma, said: "The cabinet alternation alternation with the previous cabinet has a different meaning. Past cabinet members to join the Cabinet does not allow political parties, this is just the opposite, is pure political cabinet. Newsletter progress appeared to make China party cabinet, as long as we concentrate on down the same State, this cabinet future is full of hope. "Within the current cabinet,cristiano ronaldo soccer shoes 2013, on August 10 for its sixth general elections. Results Constitutional Party won 300 seats in the 263 total seats, 88% of the candidates, a figure higher than in 1942 elections conducted by Chan Wing recommend candidates accounted for 82% of the total number of elected even higher, is unprecedented. But in fact constitutional party in progress parties and liberal parties each have their own policy proposals, although both belong to the same political party fratricide. Yukio Ozaki this happened with the text of the "republican speech" problem. Ozaki as a critique of money in politics, wrote an article entitled "Japan does not have a republican political courage", but the book, which has a "Let's assume that Japan republican politics, then Mitsui, Mitsubishi and other presidential candidates would be" exposition, The results have been malicious propaganda Ozaki republican ideology, freedom partisan lines echoed, Ozaki had to resign. Liberal Party and the Progressive Party, he served as the problem occurred around infighting. Department of Liberal partisan proposals were not adopted because they themselves convene party meeting decided to dissolve the constitutional party, also proposed the establishment of the same name to the Congress' constitutional party, "the application. Progressive groups did not stop the practice of freedom partisan lines, but also additionally set up a "constitutional this party," constitutional party eventually split up. Earlier, the Department of Liberal partisan cabinet members have resigned, although Okuma want to maintain a separate department from the progressive party cabinet, but did not receive the Emperor allowed Okuma not politics as prime minister in the National Assembly on the station once to resign and go up.

Okuma Shigenobu

Time flies, Okuma second cabinet is the eve of the outbreak of World War I April 16, 1914. In this session of the Cabinet before the Cabinet Katsura occurred during the third movement of the security guard, leading to the downfall Gui cabinet. Then send Satsuma Samurai Admiral Yamamoto right cabinet, friends of the political regime, as the ruling party to participate, so that session the Cabinet also called "valve body first party cabinet." As the Cabinet amended only allows military servicemen as minister, to expand into the reservists, but also further modified civilian employment system, expanding the scope of the Prime Minister free appointment to get critical acclaim. But January 23, 1914 the newspapers have reported that "Siemens events," as the investigation in depth, a group of Navy officials have been arrested, the media uproar. Meanwhile, the House of Lords to slash the Navy budget, resulting in the resignation of the Prime Minister Yamamoto. After Kiyoura Kui I cabinet abortion, the second Okuma cabinet holds. Okuma Cabinet and the ruling party, including constitutional comrades will send non-governmental Friends constitutional Kuomintang Chiang Kai-shek would, in total accounted for 165 parliamentary seats. Veterans Okuma Cabinet greatest expectations for the repression of political will and resolve unwelcome Friends addendum two army divisions issue. Furujima a male had Tsuyoshi Inukai into words: "The Okuma Cabinet did not, merely bureaucratic warlords minions only, not Yangshan County Tomoyuki breath is nothing, the king should not participate in the cabinet." When the international situation constantly tense, 1914 on July 28 outbreak of World War I, Japan on 23 August declared war on Germany. During the war, the Army Okuma addendum seeks to achieve two divisions, was rejected by the Parliament. So Okuma in December 25 announced the dissolution of parliament. The dissolution of parliament is expected to suppress political veterans Friends factions excellent opportunity, for Okuma begin immediately after the cabinet to the right place for the change of the Chief Executive. In total joint 48 governors, 13 people were dismissed, 32 were transformed either by. Okuma also replaced the country house, the Minister of Police, the internal phase Oura Kanetake flat tone switched to agriculture and commerce phase. He has also taken temptation to interfere in the election, promised to return the interests of the business community and other means received from a large number of electoral funds, expand the "Golden Right elections." On top of this is also launched to Okuma Shigenobu unique approach based on electoral campaigns, such as "windows speech", using the then new media - a lecture tapes and so on. In the March 25, 1915 for the Constituent Assembly elections would be 144 seats comrades, standing for 106 seats Constitutional Club, Chiang Kai-shek will be given 36 seats, Okuma fan club for 29 seats, the KMT was 27 constituent seats, 39 seats for independents , compared with the dissolution, comrades will increase 49 seats, the government would lose 78 seats friends who were disastrous. Okuma cabinet comrades, CKS Council of Okuma fan club occupy 209 seats, won an absolute majority of seats, fully meet the Yamagata and other veterans looking for friends of the political repression of the goal.

Okuma Shigenobu

In this election among the Okuma Cabinet proposed to China the largest in Japanese history called the stain of the "China 21." In this regard, Ichiro fierce critic critique Defu pig said: "This government and the Chinaman as Shina treat treat their vassals and wives, of course, will incur their displeasure from the Europeans and Americans, the Japanese want to change Shina into their own vassal. "failed in the election will have on the political Friends of Government Policy, Oura and Takeuchi phase in determining the candidates accepting bribe money, government interference in elections and other issues no-confidence motion against the Cabinet, but because of the ruling party a majority of seats was rejected, but adding two divisions of the Army through the case. However, in the last Parliament when Oura internal phase of the case is passed to increase the Army and buy a dozen members of the events to be found and had to resign. For veterans who, friends of the political repression, increasing the Army two divisions of troops have reached the destination, the Queen Okuma cabinet task has been completed. In another veterans look forward to the fourth day after the conclusion of secret agreement with Russia treaty, they have no need to consider Okuma cabinet collapse the brakes. So Okuma determination to resign, and memorialized by the Prime Minister Kato clever successor, was rejected. October 1916 Temple DIEGO Cabinet holds. Okuma opposition had during bloom splendor, this little flower is picked and placed in the ground, after a brief appreciation after wither, exposing the ugly look. Edit this paragraph resume March 11, 1838 Born in Saga city under the clubhouse road 1869 Participating and foreign official, deputy governor, China Ministry of Daisuke, Okura Daisuke 1870 either Okura Daisuke 1871 any modifications and national treaties Queen hanging, Okura Daisuke Senate in 1873 either the Ministry of Finance Affairs president, Senate and major reservoirs of State in 1880 resigned from the large reservoir of State, he served as Senate in 1881 proposed the establishment of parliamentary submissions in 1882 established constitutional improve the party, president, founded Tokyo special school in 1884 from the constitutional improvements to any party in 1888 the first Ito cabinet Foreign Minister, Foreign Secretary 1889 Cabinet Kuroda was OCEAN club members bomb attacks, resigned from the Foreign Secretary in 1892 to improve the party re Constitutional Party, the incumbent members of any Presidency in 1896 the second party cabinet Foreign Minister Song 1897 concurrently with Agriculture and Commerce, resigned from the Foreign Secretary, Agriculture and Commerce was established constitutional party relative to 1898, served as prime minister (first cabinet) constitutional party split, the total resignation in 1900 Ren Xianzheng resigned from the party's prime minister in 1907 the party's constitutional prime minister, he served as Waseda University in 1914 Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (second Cabinet) 1916 Marquis closure, large daisy Grand Cordon of the Legion Chapter second Okuma cabinet to resign January 10, 1922 died, aged 83 years old Edit this paragraph Construction University School Profile School Name: Waseda University nature: private, comprehensive university Location: Japan, Tokyo City, headquarters campus in Shinjuku Founded: 1882 constituent bodies: 13 Faculty and 22 graduate schools training: learning independence, utilization of knowledge, training model of the National History Review Waseda University, a school with a strong rural color name, which is Japan's most prestigious universities. Source of its name, as its badge pattern: embedded between two beams on rice "university" word meaning shown, Waseda just when school is not in the heart of the city, which is the predecessor of Tokyo specialized school.

Waseda University

"Waseda University to preserve academic independence, effective use of academic, creating a model for the national school purpose", this fine style, the founder of the advocacy Okuma Shigenobu has experienced any length of careful nurturing and unremitting efforts of all teachers and students, so that from generation to generation, continue to flourish. 1882 along with the "learning to be independent," the Declaration of sound, Japan's Meiji era known political activist, freedom populists Okuma Shigenobu a paddy field in the outskirts of Tokyo founded Tokyo special school. At that time, domestic political factional disputes, Okuma Shigenobu from the situation, not easy to intervene in the affairs of the school, the principal will be served by the Okuma England mill. At that time only a political, economic, legal, science and English, four families, small, abnormal primitive equipment. 1902 20th anniversary of the school, the school officially renamed Waseda University. Later, as the Great Kanto Earthquake occurred in Japan and World War II, Waseda University has suffered severe damage, but it is still tenaciously preserved. After World War II, Waseda University gained a new life, clearing the militarism of education, school size is also greatly expanded. In the new academic structure, Waseda University to meet the needs of post-war economic recovery scale, full-time enrollment in the expansion of scale, while offering the evening classes, correspondence courses. Graduate education has also been booming, and many faculties have established doctoral programs. School institutions also been a corresponding expansion, the establishment of Sports Bureau, International Department, to strengthen cooperation with overseas exchanges and selected to accept students. Various research institutes may also wish to set up mushroomed. Waseda University in order to "preserve the academic independence, effective use of academic, creating model citizens" for the purpose of school, this fine style of study, the founder of the advocacy Okuma Shigenobu has experienced any length of careful nurturing and unremitting efforts of all teachers and students to make The generation to generation, continue to flourish. University founder Shigenobu Okuma NPC is a visionary educator, he set the school's educational principles and spirit of scholarship has been implementing since he's "scholarship originality", "practical knowledge" and "create a model Japanese nationals and citizens of the world "is the school's founding purpose. Okuma Shigenobu advocated by the "spirit of opposition, enterprising spirit and the spirit of the common people," not just the Waseda cultured elite few aces and top leadership, but also a large number of hard work talent. Okuma Shigenobu school's ultimate goal is "the world's road leads Waseda," Waseda University earliest European and American academic and cultural absorption, opened its doors to the Asian countries, absorbing international students at public universities in Japan are always in the forefront. Schools in Waseda University has gone through 100 years of wind and rain, developed into a complete comprehensive university. Waseda University currently has more than 50,000 students, has 13 highly personalized undergraduate departments and 22 graduate schools. Schools only have modern facilities, more under the accumulation of years rich cultural resources, to become a truly Japanese "private school of the male." Waseda University headquarters campus in downtown Tokyo, Shinjuku, the school principal of the Faculty and administrative bodies are located here. In addition, Toyama, Okubo, Tokorozawa, Honjo other nine campuses. In addition to teaching campuses relevant ministries, research facilities, the headquarters campus and Okuma Auditorium, Theatre Museum, Masaru Ibuka Memorial Hall (International Hall), which reflect the new Integrated Intelligence Center, Waseda University history and character building. Waseda University to the Central Library at the core, has a total of 30 libraries, a total of about 4.5 million books, 180 million passengers who use the library has many treasure books. Waseda University is a respect for individuality, advocating "free style of study," the comprehensive university. Here you will see at any time from around the world, there are a variety of different skin color, speak a variety of languages ​​students. Waseda University has trained more than Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori as Obuchi, bamboo, sea department, etc., the Japanese parliament has nearly a hundred alumni, known as the "rice door will." Newly elected Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda also graduated from Waseda. Entrepreneurs have Panasonic, Sony's founder, managers of listed companies in Japan, Waseda graduates accounted for the first one, more Haruki Murakami and other famous writers and artists, architects, media mogul, and so the list goes on, someone says "Waseda who holds the Japanese instrument of public opinion. " Attaches great importance to Waseda University alumni work is another tradition. Today, Waseda alumni have been all over the world, the world metropolis almost have a "rice door will" greatly improve the visibility of Waseda University. Japan's Waseda University Alumni Association has 46 branches, located in the following regions and municipalities a total of 270 institutions, overseas there are 25, plus a variety of professions rice door will, a total of 600 alumni organizations.