Qingtongxia Hydropower

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Basic Information Basic Information About Hydropower Project layout hydrological and reservoir characteristics related presentations bed unit power unit to optimize allocation principles to determine the optimal number of combinations in order to determine the optimal combination of units commenced Edit this paragraph the basic data control watershed area: 275,010 km2 average annual flow: 989 m normal water level / dead water level:

Qingtongxia Hydropower

1156/1151 m The total storage capacity / regulation capacity: 6.2/3.2 one hundred million cubic meters Total installed capacity: 242,000 kilowatts units: 8 units guaranteed output: 79,400 kilowatts hours of electricity Weight: 1.285 billion kilowatts hours maximum head / minimum head: 22/16 m design head: 18 m Turbine Model: ZZ560-LH-550 AHC01-B6-500 flooded arable land: 65,680 acres of migrants / projection year production: 19,315 / person / In Cement: 185,500 tons of steel: 26,660 tons of wood: 89,000 m3 static total investment / level year: 2.5582 / one hundred million yuan / year per kilowatt investments: 940.5 yuan foundation rocks: limestone, sand shale construction: 58 years started, 68 design and construction of power generation units: Northwest Survey and Design Institute, Ministry of Water Resources Construction Third Engineering Bureau. Edit this paragraph Introduction Qingtongxia Hydropower Station is located in the Yellow River, Ningxia Qingtongxia Canyon exit, is an order of irrigation and power generation, flood control, ice and industrial water and other benefits of the integrated water conservancy project. Qingtongxia

The data comes from Baidu map, eventually results in Baidu map data prevail.

Qingtongxia Hydropower department river pier low-head plants, 8 Kaplan turbine generator set with seven-hole spillway and white arrangement, plant is semi-open air, three major irrigation canal project layout: Han Drainage Tang Lai Nullah, East High canal, 366,700 hectares of irrigated area. Hub built over two thousand years in Ningxia irrigation diversion dam history. Qingtongxia Yellow River Hydro Project is the first phase of the development project is one of the key projects, engineering in 1958, started construction in August 1968, the first generating unit, August 1978 8 units fully operational power generation in 1993 and the construction of 1 units, nine units total installed capacity of 302,000 kW, designed annual generating capacity of 1.35 billion kW · h. Total length of the dam 687.3m, height of 42.7 m, dam width 46.7 m, the reservoir normal water level 11 56m, corresponding design capacity of 606 million cubic meters, the reservoir area of ​​113 square kilometers. As of the end of 1999, power generation has accumulated 25.482 billion kW · h, the output value of nearly 21 billion yuan, the Northwest Power Grid and FM peaking power plants. Edit this paragraph the basic information Qingtongxia Hydropower department river pier low-head plants, 8 Kaplan turbine generator set with seven-hole spillway and white arrangement, plant is semi-open air, three major irrigation canal project layout: Han Drainage, Drainage Tanglai, East High canal, 366,700 hectares of irrigated area. Hub built over two thousand years in Ningxia irrigation diversion dam history. Qingtongxia Yellow River Hydro Project is the first phase of the development project is one of the key projects, engineering in 1958, started construction in August 1968, the first generating unit, August 1978 8 units fully operational power generation in 1993 and the construction of 1 units, nine units total installed capacity of 302,000 kW, designed annual generating capacity of 1.35 billion kW · h. Total length of the dam 687.3m, height of 42.7 m, dam width 46.7 m, the reservoir normal water level 11 56m, corresponding design capacity of 606 million cubic meters, the reservoir area of ​​113 square kilometers. As of the end of 1999, power generation has accumulated 25.482 billion kW · h, the output value of nearly 21 billion yuan, the Northwest Power Grid and FM peaking power plants. Edit this paragraph hub retaining structures arranged in the total length of 591.85 meters front, from left to right as deputy plant dam 91.5 meters, spillway and gate

Qingtongxia Hydropower

pier plant dam 262.35 meters, 160 meters retaining dam, sluice dam 42 meters, on the right bank dam section 36 m; hub by the dam, pier plants, Vice plants, switching stations, sluice, main canal east, west and above the main canal drains components. Pier-type plant is semi-open layout, each pier installed one vertical axis Kaplan turbine generator set. Each unit has a 1 to 2 paragraph Bottom sediment to reduce reservoir sedimentation and sediment over machine. Semi-gantry cranes arranged in the top of the dam, in the unit installation, maintenance, plant used to lift and transport heavy pieces. Unit 1-7 unit capacity of 36Mw, runner diameter of 5.5 meters, the rated speed 107r/min, generator room semi umbrella cold type, rated voltage 10.5kV, stator core diameter of 9 meters. The 8th machine unit capacity 20Mw, runner diameter 5 m, rated speed 125r/min, air-cooled generators for the semi-umbrella type, rated voltage 10.5kV, stator core diameter of 7 meters. The 1st Hexi tail water into the main canal, 2 to 7, the tail water into the Yellow River main channel, the 8th Hedong tail water into the main canal. Irrigation headworks is divided into left and right sides. Hexi Hexi left bank main canal headworks introduced, namely the Qing Dynasty built Tanglai open sewers, water elevation of 1136 meters, water flow of 400 m3 / s. Hedong Hedong right bank main canal headworks introduced, namely the famous Qin and Han drainage canals, water elevation of 1136 meters, water flow of 100 m3 / s. Upstream has a high trunk, sill elevation 1151 m, water flow 24 m3 / s. Spillway facilities: 7 hole spillway energy dissipation by using surface weir crest elevation of 1149.4 meters. In which two holes orifice 14 meters wide, 8 meters high; remaining five holes orifice 14 meters wide, 7.5 meters high. Total maximum discharge capacity of 3255 m3 / s. Sluice three holes sill elevation of 1140 meters, orifice 10 meters wide, 5.5 meters high, the maximum discharge capacity of 2205 m3 / s. Unit 7 paragraph 1, each unit has 2 holes drain flushing hole, orifice 6.5 meters wide, 1.5 meters high sill elevation of 1124 m; Unit 8 segment has a hole, opening wide and 4 m high 2 m. 15-hole flushing hole total maximum discharge capacity of 2240 m3 / s. 8 units maximum reference flow of 1860 m3 / s. Operational benefits: Since the operation of Qingtongxia Hydropower, give full play to the irrigation and power generation efficiency. Early in 1968 the use impoundment, Ningxia's total grain output is only 478 million kg. Qingtongxia building of the reservoir, irrigation area continues to expand, to 1984, total grain output reached 1.13 billion kilograms, a net increase of 1.36 times. Edit this paragraph dam hydrology and reservoir characteristics of the basin area of ​​275,000 square kilometers or more, mean annual runoff of 32.4 billion cubic meters, average annual flow of 1028 m3 / s. Normally, the reservoir 1156 meters, dead water level of 1155.5 meters, total design capacity of 606 million cubic meters, the existing capacity of 056 million cubic meters. Plant design flood criteria: once-designed QianNianYiYu checked. Design flood flow 7500 m3 / s, corresponding water level 1157 meters, check flood flow 9280 m3 / s, corresponding water level 1158.8 m. Maximum head of 21 meters plant, minimum head 16.4 m; design head of 18 m. Edit this paragraph related presentations bed unit power optimization of power system active power distribution principle of optimal allocation has two main elements, namely the optimal set of active power

Qingtongxia Hydropower

Hopewell active load optimal allocation. Optimal combination of active power refers to the system of power generation equipment or power plants rational combination, which is usually called the unit's reasonable open stop. It generally consists of three parts: the optimal combination of sequential unit, the unit number of the optimal combination of open and crews optimal stopping time. Qingtongxia Hydropower Station in Ningxia Power Grid play an extremely important role, especially in the station charged with hundreds of acres of farmland irrigation in Ningxia task, Ningxia network operates independently, but also as the first FM factory, therefore, how to allocate the plant each unit between the active load, maximize economic operation, has a very important place significance. There are nine Qingtongxia Hydropower turbine generator set, because a #, 8 #, 9 # machine for the irrigation units, according to the load during the downstream irrigation water required by the department to control the water transfer, rather than irrigation are basically at a standstill period state, therefore, only the analysis of the station-cum-bed unit 2 # -7 # Unit of optimal allocation. Unit to determine the optimal number of combinations of the number of how much power the unit, depending on the size and quantity of water upstream to the needs of system load. In recent years, with the upstream reservoir silting phenomenon is getting worse, green power plants are also more regulation performance,Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes Nike Mercurial Vapor 7 Superfly III FG Lightning Fluorescent Yellow Black , and now has become almost unregulated hydroelectric power stations. The general level of the station run between the 1155.50-1156.00m. For the comprehensive utilization of water, to ensure the Yellow River irrigation, navigation, you must release a certain amount of water to the downstream, ie, there must be some forced power, therefore, even the dry season, the river bed must also ensure that a unit operation, As to carve up several machines, then according to the upstream water and the system load to decide. Determine the optimal number of combinations, should follow the following principles: (1) the optimal conditions operating units should run in non-economic areas to avoid running. Qingtongxia hydropower turbine group with Kaplan, operation, vanes can be adjusted according to the guide vane Associated adjusted so efficient. When the unit with a low load operation, the vanes are fully closed at this time, the turbine operates in the high zone, based on experience, about 15MW active load unit in the following run-time, turbine operates in the high zone. In addition, according to the governor characteristic curve, with the guide vane opening degree increases, the active power is increased, but guide vane at 85%, the curve starts slowing down, with the guide vane further increase, turbine output changes little, and when the guide vane to a certain value, active but began to decline, suggesting that the guide vane opening exceeds a certain value, the unit also non-economic areas, economic zones in the non-operation, both not the economy, is not stable, the unit vibration increases, water loss increases. So whether several machines running, you should try to make each machine runs in the high zone, to avoid running in the non-economic areas. (2) consider the impact of such incidents, whether open a few units, you should leave some spinning reserve capacity. Although hydropower turbine quit running and do not need to spend a lot of energy into another, do not need to spend a lot of time,Online discount stores On Sale Nike Free 3.0 V3 Mens Grey Blue shoes , but in the case of emergency, in order to promptly deal with the accident, a few minutes' time is very long, plus spare If for some reason the unit does not open up, it may cause accidents to expand, this time spinning reserve capacity is particularly important. Normally, leave some spinning reserve capacity, but also according to the situation quickly in FM. Of course, the number of units operating units also decided how much to other factors, such as system load is short-term needs, FM, peaking, the regulator needs and so on. Taking all these factors, operating personnel on duty to the upstream water under load conditions and system recommendation to start or stop dispatchers. If at this time the water level upstream of 1155.90M, four machines running load is carried by 100MW, an increase of about 30MW load scheduling requirements, the value should be scheduled long recommended that you turn on the backup machine (Green station 2 # ---- 7 # machine rated active output is 36MW). So when the four machine is running, brought a load of 60MW, taking into account the remote adjustment unit peaking capacity, up to a load of 90MW, if the water level is low (currently Qingtongxia Hydropower reservoir storage capacity of only 0.3918 million cubic meters, the ability to regulate limited) , they should be advised to stop a machine dispatchers. Order to determine the optimal combination unit first opened Which backup machine, and not a determining principle, in the case of more standby unit, open Which machine will have to subject to the following factors: (a) as far as possible first open a remote adjustment device unit green plant since 1995, successively 2 #, 3 #, 5 #,Sale Nike Mercurial Vapor IX TF Blue Orange White Soccer Cleats , 6 # machine installed with AGC device. AGC is the so-called automatic generation control, it is the interconnected power system operation in a basic and important real-time computer control. Its purpose is to make the system output and system load to adapt, maintain the rated frequency and tie-line through the exchange of power is equal to the calculated value, and as much as possible between units Economic Load Dispatch. Specifically, the automatic generation control has four basic objectives: a) to make system-wide power output and load power to match. b) the power system frequency deviation adjusted to zero, to keep the system frequency rating. c) controlling the exchange of inter-regional tie-line power and the plan values ​​are equal, the achievement of regional active power balance. d) power plants in the region between the economic load distribution. Ningxia Power Grid power station on the Green 2 #, 3 #, 5 #, 6 # machine AGC adjustment since the Ningxia Power Grid Power Systems Power quality has been greatly improved, to achieve the economic, high-quality operation. Therefore, the unit in the case of no defect, as a backup unit, if the opportunity should be given priority on the boot. (2) to consider the impact of the defect on the standby unit unit into operation, should also consider the health status of the unit. If the unit is defective or hidden, there are other standby unit in the case, try to open after. Contact maintenance personnel to eliminate defects or problems, such as defects can not be eliminated temporarily without affecting the boot and run, you should consider on the last open. (3) the main transformer no-load operation so as not to Green Power 1 #, 2 #, 3 #, 6 #, 7 # into unit wiring, 4 #, 5 # into expanded unit connection, 4 #, 5 # machine outlet Access Variable Element 4 #, 6 #, 7 # 5 # change machine outlet access unit. Unit on and outage directly affects economic operation of transformer, such as 6 #, 7 # machines are outage, the five main transformer power transmission through the system to the factory anti-12T Factory with variable load operation with paragraph II, for 90000KVA transformer, it is close to no-load operation, extremely economical. Therefore, in determining the operating units, try to change and should make 4 # 5 # variable unit has unit operation. (4) to consider the impact on the bus differential protection and mother of the switch of the main terminal in the form of green power plant dual master bypass bus wiring, under normal circumstances, a fixed connection (1T, 2T, 5T main transformer, 111,112 line into the next mother; 3T, 4T, 6T, 7T change, 113, 114, put on the female line to run), mother of the switch 100B as up and down the bus tie breaker often put into operation. Current phase busbar differential protection using comparative bus differential protection. In operation, if all generators concentrated on a bus, mother of the switch switching current is too large, it will lead to overheating of the bus coupler circuit knife, and in severe accidents. Therefore, the boot should also consider the upper and lower bus load evenly, mother of the switch does not result in the exchange current is too large. (5) to consider the impact of each unit water consumption rate how well each side about saving water, every multiple of electricity, which is the Yellow River each power plant workers have every one needs to seriously think about. Qingtongxia Hydropower Station 1, # 8, # 9, # crew for irrigation headworks unit, working head bed units relatively low water consumption rate was higher irrigation demand during the irrigation water by basically boot with a fixed load (playing a great agricultural benefits). The bed unit in 3 #, 4 #, 7 # machine water consumption rate slightly lower. From the viewpoint of energy saving, in the absence of other important factors in the case, should give priority to open water consumption rate smaller units, as much as possible to save water.