Singapore English

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About how to treat specific vocabulary grammar General topics nouns past tense negative sentences repetitive tone of other Teton Expand edit this section Introduction Singlish is what? Spent some time in Singapore believe everyone should know. Singlish = Singapore English. Singlish is characterized by a common English and our exaggerated comic sketch of the fit to Cantonese Mandarin and English we all know what is and what is exaggerated to Cantonese Mandarin? Oh, this is my understanding of sweeping, exaggerated to Cantonese Mandarin is at the end of each sentence are added an "it," or "ah", the previous comic sketches often will put some people in Mainland China (non-Cantonese lines) depicted talking to Cantonese Mandarin this exaggerated way, people can not help laughing. Edit this paragraph how to treat Singaporeans speak Singlish seems understandable, I am also no objections (even if there are objections, seems to have no use), today I talk to people about how to treat non-Singaporean Singlish this language. First of all, I would not put Singlish as English variants, because on its own seems to have become the two languages, although the gap is not French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese big difference (in French, Italian, Spanish both Latin and Portuguese descent, belonged Latin), and if we must take some kind of English as authentic, then it should be the Angles (English prototype), otherwise, to any kind of English variant (American English, Australian English or Singlish) as British English variants, both the French and German as a Latin variant or as just a joke. About Singlish, I want to talk about social issues and economic issues. Many people came to Singapore, will be subtle, unconsciously learn to speak Singlish, at least, is certain words (for example, Wah Lau, etc.), which is a process of socialization is a process of localization, more appropriate analogy in America only sell Burgers, Fries, and Coca Cola's McDonald's to China to become a burger and fries and Coca-Cola, McDonald's, not only that, but also to sell some of the food, such as jade soup (this detail I no research, just know these things, but not eaten, had gone home, who eat at McDonald ah). Some people with their own cultural alienation of society, in fact, is very painful, and very lonely, so the ability to do the localization efforts of people will try to adjust themselves into the new environment (I have spoken, have the ability, Sometimes there is just this desire, in general, have the desire to be able to do, after all, language is not a particularly difficult thing). According to the French philosopher Michel Foucault (Foucault, search online this master estimated could find, except that he was outside the philosopher and his theory is about the largest part of the grandfather should be a Gay, Generally say, Gay are quite talented), language and power has some subtle affair, which I very much agree with, a complete mastery of a language, it seems to get into a new field of culture passes, got in a strange voice inside context, naturally brings a certain power. Because of this reason, some people come to Singapore after either spontaneous or inadvertently, have gone through this process of localization. Here I would like to make some economic issues, talking about the economy, in fact, the inevitable comes to political issues, after all, these two things are really inseparable, like toes and toenails, like (this analogy is Because yesterday I hurt your feet). Some people came to Singapore he would not go through this process of localization, in general, they are some speak British English, American English, British and Americans (Australians speak Australian English is actually so), Why do these people do not like the Chinese, Southeast Asian people, learn to speak Singlish it? I think there are two reasons, one is my assumption above that point, that is, English for Chinese and Southeast Asian people, is a foreign culture, China and Southeast Asia, in Singapore, in fact, is what I say one kind with their own cultural alienation of society, so they will go through the process of localization. And for those who come from English-speaking countries, it is clearly not enough to become the first cause of justification. So there is a second reason, which is the economic issue. As we all know, the United Kingdom, the United States is a veteran of the world capitalist countries, they have the world's highest material, using an analogy, the United States now as if we, like the Tang Dynasty that time, the world is dominant (if Tang, the world map has been completely revealed,). In the Tang Dynasty, when all countries (those already known as the Tang Dynasty, including Japan, the Korean Peninsula, as well as those Western countries) have come to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty, Tang also hard to learn the culture and language. I boldly assume that if I was a better of Tang dynasty, if I went to Japan, is sure to be on behalf of the guest of honor, but also a myriad of Japanese girls want to marry me (at that time the Japanese women are ugly, I was not agree), this situation simply is certain. From the cultural point of view, I went to Japan, to see what the Japanese geisha, ah, ah, what what hara-kiri, which is likely to see, even thought it is good or bad, you do not lead back to this kind of thing did not bother to domestic thought, not to mention what a learning Japanese. The differences that Americans now Britons to Asia, disdain to learn the local language, and when I go to Japan in the Tang Dynasty is the same reason, is a political issue. Edit this paragraph remarks early British settlers in the 19th century came to Singapore and set up in local schools, Singapore English they originated in England in the schools. The earliest Singlish is likely to be a pidgin is not going to speak English in the streets talking about a hybrid language. Its syntax is simple, pronunciation instability, large non-English composition, ranging from Indian English, Nyonya Malay, Chinese and many other aspects of the parties made impact. Over time, the early pidgin in Singapore to promote all levels of society by the new generation of Singaporeans in the form of mother tongue learning, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, etc. gradually qualitative, matures, and ultimately from the pidgin Simple and instability has become a fully fledged English dialect. This and Creole (mixed language) similar to the process of development, so Singlish also has many characteristics typical Creole. Singapore is similar to English and British English, after all, the two still talk, so could be considered as a divergence of English dialects. As with all other languages, dialects, Singapore English is not a fully unified whole. Educated and uneducated people say Singapore English is not the same, both formal and informal occasions used Singlish totally different. Generally speaking, educated people in formal occasions said British and American English used officially in English similar, the main difference in the voice on. The informal occasions said there are more English from Chinese, Malay vocabulary, grammar. In order to embody the characteristics of Singlish, this entry will be mainly described informal Singapore English. Moreover, since most Singaporeans would say at least one language in addition to English, which code-switching is very common. Such as: When two ethnic Chinese in Fujian conversation, in a word can be mixed with English, Chinese, Min and other languages. But it will also say that Singapore English (but not speak Min) Guangdong-born Chinese, Malays, Indians and others can not understand the full meaning of this sentence. Therefore, this entry will mainly describe all people who would say there's Singlish pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar features, including everyone can understand, the application of non-English content. Because these non-English content has been expanded to the whole population speak Singlish (regardless of whether they would say that these ingredients source language), so these components should be considered as part of the Singapore English, rather than code-switching. Singapore English from Singapore's own pidgin, so the rest of Asia and pidgin have many similarities, British and American people listened inevitably feel Singapore English is a "inferior English" rather than English a independent, has matured dialect. Meanwhile, Singapore English has many features that are not British and American English, British and American people tend to think that is incomprehensible, ugly. These two points are not conducive to Singapore in the Asia Pacific region as an international city. Therefore, the Singapore government launched a "speak correctly English Campaign" to encourage national doctrine, to say to the British and American English as the standard specification in English, while requiring only the use of standardized English broadcast media, school education is also used standardized English. However, Singapore's English is still the streets, schools, social common language, while the Anglo-American English is not. In summary,Adidas F50 TF, the current situation of English in Singapore and Shanghai, Fuzhou dialect, similar to other Chinese dialects, there is no official status, but is still a common spoken language. Edit this paragraph peculiar vocabulary ah - ah? Ah Beng - Amin: the lack of literate Chinese family man aiyah! (Fujian dialect) or aiyoh! (Malay) - Ah / Oh: Oh, no! alahmak! (Malay, literally translated as "Mother of God") - My goodness! ang mo - foreigners (from the Hokkien of "orang" means early Dutch) boleh - can (Malay) COE (Certificate of Entitlement) - car ownership certificate (privately owned motor vehicle must obtain the documents, expensive ) CPF (Central Provident Fund) - Central Provident Fund chop - cover seal (from the Malay in the cap) example: "Immigration will chop your passport". ("USCIS will stamp your passport.") gahmen - Government hawker centre - open-air cooked food centers, known locally as "hawker center" ho lian - (Fujian dialect) arrogant kiah su - kiasu: scrambling behavior (Hokkien "scared lose") makan - to eat (from horse to language) HDB (Housing Development Board) - HDB, also refers to the government to provide cheap HDB ISA - Internal Security Bill Mindef - Defense MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) - Metro System NS - National Service (compulsory military service) PAP - People's Action Party SAF - Singapore Armed Forces shiok - cool! (Fujian dialect) ulu - rural, remote wah! - Wow! (Fujian dialect) wah lau! - Walie! (Fujian dialect, resigned sigh) Edit this paragraph in English grammar Grammar Singapore-based British English while accepting the Chinese, Malay and other Asian languages ​​profound impact. Therefore, Singapore English grammar and English is very different from the Anglo-American, is more akin to Asian languages. However, due to the Singapore government, education, the media is based on British and American English using English as the standard specification in English, so in formal occasions, Singaporeans generally will try to avoid the use of Singlish syntax in favor of Anglo-American English. Topic language and Chinese, Japanese similarity, Singapore attaches great importance to the topic in English language. The so-called topic language, is a known part of the sentence, and define the meaning of a sentence context. Chinese and Singapore English language tend to put the topic on the sentence, as the following examples is the topic most aggravating phrase: This country weather very hot, one. - The National Weather hot. (Topic word for place) Yesterday got so many people! - Yesterday were so many people! (Topic word for time) Play soccer he very good. - He was good at playing football. (Topic word for range) That person there cannot trust. - Not trust that guy over there. (Topic language as object) over the topic language although different roles in the sentence, sentence was identical. In common English, the topic of language there is no such special status, the use of the sentence is not the same: In this country, the weather is very hot. - In this country, the weather is hot. (Preposition) Yesterday, there were so many people! - Yesterday, people are really more! (Plus pause) As for playing soccer, he's very good. - Playing football, he good. (For the present participle, and add preposition) That person there cannot be trusted. - That guy over there can not be believed before. (Object as subject, use the passive voice) and Chinese, as the topic of Singapore's English language can be omitted, and the Anglo-American English is not true: Not good one lah. - (This) bad friends. Cannot liddat go one lah. - (You) can not be so to your friends. How come never show up? - (He) how did not come? I like badminton, dat's why go play every weekend. - I like badminton, so (I) play every weekend. He not feeling well, so decide to stay home and sleep. - He felt uncomfortable, so (he) decided to stay at home to sleep. Affected by the Chinese nouns, nouns do not need to add the plural suffix, do not need to add article: He can play piano. - He will play the piano. I like to read storybook. - I like to read a storybook. Your computer got virus one, is it? - Your computer is not a virus? There are other indications sentence plural adjectives (eg several, both, etc.), generally will be added on the plural suffix: He got several apples. - He has several apples. Verb "To be" Singapore English adverbs very, so, not, etc. instead of to be, not to be the usage of Chinese language usage with similar: This house very nice. - The house looks good. You so stupid! - You're a fool! That car not worth the money. - Car worth. -Ing can be carried out independent body, without adding to be, Chinese equivalent of "in", "is": How come so late in the night you still playing music,nike mercurial vapor ix, ar? - How so late, you're still playing music ah ? You looking for trouble, is it? - You are not looking for fork Son? Other omitted to be of use, such as direct plus preposition: His house in Ang Mo Kio. - His home in Ang Mo Kio. Generally speaking, to be in nouns, pronouns omitted after (I, he, she, except), or referring to things in the clause pronouns (this, that) retained. Irregular past tense verbs to t, d at the end of the verb, past tense is generally added: I went to Orchard Road yesterday. - Yesterday I went to Orchard Road. He accepted in the end. - He finally accepted. Other consonants at the end of regular verbs, generally do not add past: He talk for so long, even I ask him stop also never stop. - He spoke for so long, even I told him to stop, are kept. If the action expressed by the verb have persistent, generally without the past tense: When I was young, ar, I go to school every day. - When I was little, ah, to school every day. When he was in school, he always get good marks one. - He was in school, so far has been good. Last night I mug so much, so sian already. - Last night I review so long time, almost sick. Singapore English particle already or can liao (the latter read low-key, rather with the Taiwanese language "material", ie "exhaustion" of Italy) to indicate a change of state, but can not represent the state of continuous or repeated, and Chinese Sentence Tail "le" and "off" essentially the same: He throw it liao. - he threw away. Aiyah, cannot wait any more, must go oreddy. - Ah, can not wait, gotta go! I eat liao. - I've eaten. Yesterday, dey go there oreddy. - Yesterday they've been to. This new game, you play liao or not? - This new game you played with no? Ah Song kena sai oreddy, then how? - Antony trouble, how do? Negation Negation in English and Anglo-American agreement, ie auxiliary verb added not, in other verbs preceded don't (or other forms). However, due to complex coda part off, don't in the / t / is generally not pronounce, / n / rhyme even cause abdominal / o / nasal shedding also followed after the last / o / nose of a negation sign : I do (/ d õ /) want. - I do not. (Did not catch the nasal / o /, then it is easy to listen to as: "Of course I want to!") Also because of coda / t / shedding, can (will, energy) in the form of positive and negative differences between entirely in dollars Tone up: I can / kɛn / do this lah. - I'll do it. I can't / kɑn / do this lah. - I will not do it. Never in British and American English is "never" means, but in Singapore, English has a special usage, and Chinese in the "no" (ie, complete body negation) the same: How come today you never hand in homework? - how did your homework today? How come he never pay? - How he did not pay? In addition to English and American English interrogative subject and the verb in inverted interrogative form outside Singapore English and Chinese, there are two similar interrogative sentence: Or not Chinese equivalent of the verb "X without X" interrogative form, but it must be added to the end of the sentence,mercurial, and can not be used in negative sentences: This book you want or not? - this book do you want? Can or not? - Okay? You want watch movie or not? - Do you want to watch movies? "Is it?" (Eh?) And Anglo-American English are different, can be added after a sentence to express any doubt, and the verb in a sentence has nothing to do, the main speaker has expressed that the answer is yes, just want to confirm it: They never study, is it? - they do not learn is that right? (No wonder fail) You don't like that, is it? - You do not like is that right? (No wonder you make faces) Alamak, you guys never read newspaper is it? - My goodness, you never read newspapers, is that right? (No wonder so ignorant!) In addition, Singapore has many can be expressed in English or strengthen a doubt modal particles, such as hah, hor, meh, ar, etc., in the "particle" an otherwise elaborate. Another repetitive and Chinese and Malay are very similar to the usage of the verb is repetitive. Singapore English major repeating verbs, and usage and Mandarin are not the same. Singapore English, the verb is repeated twice represented short attempt, repeated three times, said a long time: You go think think a little bit, maybe den you will get answer. - You want to think, might the answer came. So what I do was, I sit down and I tink tink tink, until I get answer lor. - I did it, sit down and thought, and finally arrive at the answer of the strategy. Nouns can be repeated to show intimacy, you must repeat the noun refers, must be monosyllabic, as this point and the Chinese: My boy-boy is going to Primary One already. - My son (Zai Zai) are first grade. Monosyllabic or disyllabic adjectives can be repeated to show the deepening of this point and the Chinese are quite similar: You go take the small-small one. - You get a small one. Kena Kena is Singlish unique passive particles, can be used in place of English in order to be constituted or to get the passive voice. Kena only be used to indicate the subject of injury action: He was scolded. = He got scolded. = He kena scolded. = He kena scold. - He was scolded. But can not say: * He kena praised. - He was praised. One One for the particle, the British and American English in one (a) far. Singapore English one equivalent of the South Chinese modal particle "and" (ie, Cantonese, "generous", Hokkien the "e", etc.), general represents the continuation of events for a long time, and to be emphasized. Here, "the", pronounced stronger, and Mandarin "and" usage is not the same: Walau! So stupid one! - Wow! Haoben's! I do everything by habit one. - I do things according to all that habit. He never go to school one. - He never go to school. Tone in Singapore English Teton Teton particle and modal particle in the Anglo-American English is basically no similar parts of speech, and the Chinese are very similar to similar terms, many of which particle is directly borrowed from the dialect or Cantonese. Singlish in Teton particle and modal particle tone is very fixed and can not be altered, which is also similar and Chinese: Lah high level tone or low falling tone for the particle and its common Lah, basically can be added at any end of the sentence (interrogative excluded). Lah not only emphasize the role of the speaker and hearer can increase intimacy between. "Lah" in Malay on used in the imperative (such as "water" in Malay is minuman, but when asked "drink!", It became "minumlah"). In Singapore English, lah also have this usage: Drink, lah! - Drink! (Cantonese: Drink up!) Lah also used to indicate comforting tone: Dun worry, he can one lah. - Do not worry, he can do it. It's okay lah. - Okay. But Lah is also used impatient with color negative responses, such as: Dun have, lah! - No! (Cantonese: not gel!) You dun know one, lah! - I see you do not know! (Cantonese: You Do not know Gel!) What flat call to indicate reminders or refute the tone, which usually indicates a conclusion sentence for another condition. And Anglo-American English in what (what) has nothing to do, there is no doubt about the meaning: But he very good at sports what, that's why can play soccer so well. - He sports is pretty good, so they play so well. You never give me what! - But you did not give me that way! (Otherwise, I do not received it?) Mah Kopin called to represent the content of a word is very clear, and Chinese, "Well" similarity. Excessive use will not respect the meaning: But he very good at sports, that's why can play soccer mah! - He sports good, so they play such a pretty fellow! Lor high level tone Chinese equivalent of "Hello", is used to indicate a particular emphasis on the situation, but also with "things when so, do not change the" tone: If you don't do the work, then you die-die lor! - you do not work, it would be dead Hello! (Tone slightly naughty) Leh high level tone equivalent Hokkien "blanket", used to soften the imperative, interrogative tone excellent: Give me leh! Give me ah! How come you don't give me leh? - How do you not give me ah? (Hokkien: Why do not you love me blanket?) The tix are seriously ex leh. - Tickets really expensive ah. Hor rising tone, nasal equivalent Hokkien "almost" for Teton particle: Then hor, another person came out of the house. - And then, there is a people come out from the room. For modal particle, there are implications for consent to each other: This shopping center also very nice hor. - This shopping center is also quite good is not it. (Hokkien: This shopping center is also nice to almost?) Ar rising tone rather with Hokkien "carry", can be used for Teton particles, generally can not be combined with commendatory sentence: This boy ar, always so naughty one! - The boy, ah, always so naughty! Also available for modal particle, adding interrogative tone: How come like that one, ar? - How do ah? (Hokkien: Why doest carry?) Hah rising tone express doubt or suspicion: Har! He really pon class yesterday ar? - Ah? Yesterday, he really skipped school, ah? Har? How come like that one? End up kena caning! - Ah? How can he be, the result was the whip? Meh high level tone in Cantonese equivalent of "Baa", similar to the Mandarin "Is", with a surprised tone used to express doubt: They never study meh? - Do not they learn it? (Cantonese: Drainage to Well learn wild baa?) You don't like that meh? - Do not you like it? (Cantonese: You Well meaning baa?) Others Got the Chinese "yes", the equivalent of two sets of British and American English phrase: set to have / has and (have / has) got, means possession, another set of there is / are, refers to the present. Singapore English and Chinese, as indiscriminate: Here got people or not? - Is anyone sitting here? (BAR: Are there people here?) Got anything else? - There something else? (Anglo-American: Is there anything else?) Can the Chinese "OK", "could", and Chinese, as can be individually into a sentence. (British and American English, can only do auxiliary verb): Go home lah, can? - Go home, okay? Can! - OK! Cannot! - No! Liddat (Like that) literally translated as "so", Singapore English is often the direct use in a sentence, in order to enhance the vividness of description: He so stupid liddat. - He is really quite stupid. He acting like a little kid liddat. - He really acted like a child. Like that is not necessarily when the particle with the Anglo-American English like that means "as" Singlish can also be so used: Why he liddat? - How did his children? Simple liddat. - Just like that (simple). British and American English, "also" meaning use also means that the sentence must be placed, with the end of the sentence too must be placed. Singapore English also (made into oso) can be placed in the sentence or the end of the sentence: I oso like dis one. (BAR: I also like this one.) I like dis one oso. (BAR: I like this one too.) - I like this one. Indirect question, the British and American English on the subject after the verb, unlike direct questions, while Singapore English put on the subject before the verb, and direct the same questions: "Excuse me, do you know where is the shopping centre ? "(Excuse me, do you know where is the mall?) in the Anglo-American English is" Excuse me, do you know where the shopping centre is? "in Singapore have different meanings in English English vocabulary blur - stupid cock - Nonsense eight "Don't talk cock, lah!" ("Do not talk nonsense it!") keep - (the thing) close up "Please keep your notes" ("Please put your notes close up.") send - sending people to a place "I'll send you to the airport." ("I will send you to the airport.") spoil - break (verb) or have been broken (noun or adjective). " ; This one, spoil. "(" This is bad. ") stay - stay somewhere" She's staying in Ang Mo Kio. "(" She lives in Ang Mo Kio. ") upgrade - to improve, change better "The service has been upgraded." ("service improves.") Other common terms: ice water - ice water (ice plus water) plain water - water (no ice water) return back - return of de: Singlish