Uncertainty

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(1) Economics: Uncertainty refers to the economic actors in advance can not accurately know the result of some kind of decision, or that, as long as a decision-making of economic actors more than one possible outcome, it will generate uncertainty. Uncertainty about the economics of risk management concept, referring to economic subjects for the future state of the economy (especially the gains and losses) of the distribution and status can not ascertain. (2) quantum mechanics: In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty refers uncertainty of measuring a physical quantity, because under certain conditions, in which only some of the mechanical quantity eigenstate, the values ​​are demonstrated discrete, so measurements at different times, it is possible to obtain different values,Sale Nike CTR360 Maestri II Elite FG Soccer Cleats 2012 Green White Black , there will be uncertainty values, that is, when you measure it, you may get this value, you may get that value, the resulting value is uncertain and only in this physical quantities measured on its eigenstates in order to get the exact value In classical physics, you can use the particle position and momentum accurately describe its motion while know acceleration and can even predict the next particle position and momentum at any moment, which depicts the trajectory. But at the microscopic physics, uncertainty tells us that if you want a more accurate measurement of the particle's position, then the measured momentum even inaccurate to say, can not simultaneously measured accurately position and momentum of a particle and,Football Boots Adidas Adipure Cheap 11Pro XTRX FG Football Boots White Black Orange Soccer Cleats , therefore, can not be used

 

trajectory to describe the motion of particles, which is a detailed explanation of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics, the uncertainty about the common coordinate and momentum and energy between time and between uncertainty relation. In fact, for any two right physical volume can not easily determine the exact values. This is nothing to do with the measure, the nature of the problem is the microscopic world. Do not attempt to measure the kind of way to explain the uncertainty of any such measure means that introduce new errors, but errors and uncertainties exist essentially different. In addition, the macro world and can not be observed phenomena like uncertainty, which is observable with the current measurement accuracy-related, which is currently only in the microscopic world is obvious. (3) information theory: In information theory,Football Boots 2013 Adidas adizero F50 Metallic TRX FG Leather Black Soccer Cleats , uncertainty is characterized by the occurrence of a random variable how reliable physical quantities. Generally used to calculate the physical entropy, denoted by H (X), X is a random variable. When the H (X) = 0, when, X is a well-defined, i.e. X is a value determined time. When H (X) = 1, X is very uncertain, that is the value of X is very uncertain which one value. Edit this paragraph Book Information

 

Title: Uncertainty Author: grid to Zhe Morgan Publisher: Peking University Press Publication Date: January 1, 2011 ISBN: 9787301180327 Format: 16 open Price: Edit this paragraph 56.00 yuan Introduction "uncertainty" is specifically designed for the four categories of readers: 1. I believe dealing with uncertainty and want to learn how to do the important job of the person; 2. Just get involved in policy analysis and quantitative skills and want to develop good habits for students; 3. Analysis is unlikely to do much personally but want to understand more thoroughly the existing skills in order to know what and how to identify the requirements of results-based management and decision-makers; 4. Those in their daily work to address this issue and the number is growing skilled analysts. "Uncertainty" summed up the basic concepts and skills in the field can be used as a hand on their complete reference materials. We hope that these ideas and the subsequent content will all bring our readers the idea of ​​writing and synthesis of "uncertainty" in the process to get the joy and challenge. Edit this paragraph author author: (U.S.) grid to Zhe Morgan (USA) Max · Heng Liang (USA) Mitchell Smalls Translator: Wang Zhe grid to diffuse Morgan, Carnegie plum Mellon University professor. As the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board President of the International Council of Science and Technology Risk Management Branch Chairman. Max · Heng Liang, Stanford University School of Medicine associate professor of medical information. Smokin Mitchell, Carnegie Mellon University School of Public Administration environmental engineering, civil engineering, engineering and public policy professor. Three scholars coauthored "uncertainty", a book is a quantitative risk analysis for dealing with uncertainty in policy analysis and guidance. Professor Wang Hongman, Peking University doctoral tutor. Over the past decade, presided over the completion of 15 research projects, including national five, teaching complementary and fruitful, has won numerous awards. With a "big health" trilogy, "Global Health International Health Guide"; published more than 50 papers, a State Department advisory report, the Beijing municipal government advisory report a. Research has given rise to the relevant central leadership and Beijing and relevant departments. Some of the key ideas, suggestions have been income countries' results should be reported ", and was adopted by the relevant government decisions. 2001 won the New Century Population Culture Award for promoting one hundred outstanding women; 2004 led major national project "Chinese Rural Health Security System policy research" chief expert; 2008 by the Ministry of Health appointed "Healthy China 2020 Strategic Planning" expert; 2009 education pioneer was elected the capital. Edit this paragraph Book Contents Chapter Introduction Chapter II Chapter III recent milestone Chapter Three quantitative policy analysis of the nature and sources of uncertainty in the probability distribution of Chapter V Chapter VI and statistical estimation of uncertainty of human judgment has Uncertainty Chapter VII Chapter VIII probabilistic assessment of uncertainty propagation and analysis of uncertainties chart Chapter expression Chapter Analytica: uncertainty analysis and modeling software tools to communicate large and complex Chapter XI model of Chapter XII knew little about the value of your Postscript References Index