Vomiting in children

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pathological cause nausea and vomiting symptoms and signs of acquired esophageal disease history taking several symptoms diagnosis treatment analysis of preventive health care treatment medication information Expand Edit this paragraph Pathogenesis vomiting can be divided into acute and chronic causes organic and functional, and internal medicine and surgery and so on. Usually called clinical practice including nausea and vomiting (reflux, regurgitation) and vomiting (vomiting) two parts for many reasons. Nausea is the secretion of digestive fluids, or non-mandatory gastric contents from the stomach or esophagus estuary outflow phenomenon is usually not accompanied by nausea or abdominal contractions mandatory. Nausea can be physical in nature, may also be caused pathological

vomiting in children

1, physiological: newborn baby into the class a few weeks after the 0.5-1h visible around the mouth are milk (with or without milk block), commonly known as "overflow milk. " Baby's appetite and sleep, mental and weight gain were normal. Often no obvious incentive to be found more than 7-8 months without treatment within a natural stop. 2, pathological: feeding problems is due to the improper feeding techniques "vomit." If breastfeeding posture is not correct (such as the nipple and areola with a baby nose close to the mouth of convergence bad breasts, lying posture is not correct, etc.), milk and milk ejection speed too fast too broadly baby sucking and swallowing too fast, too much milk, nipple retraction when artificial feeding difficulties sucking milk temperature is low, the nipple hole diameter is too small or inadequate calorie milk and feeding times less than normal, the baby is often non-nutritive sucking milk odor caused stomach and then how the amount of discharge is not orthostatic gas, milk and then the stomach is not upright exhaust gases, or do all kinds of milk after the baby care (bathing diaper change, given medicines, etc.). The baby can not chew solid foods to infants, especially premature infants forced feeding, crying before and after eating, etc. can cause. Vomiting is a part of the stomach or small intestine contents were forcibly discharged by mouth often accompanied by nausea and a strong abdominal contractions. Cause vomiting can be divided into a number of causes of obstructive and central reactivity three categories. The former often surgical reasons, the latter two more by internal diseases caused by congenital obstructive vomiting, gastrointestinal malformations or acquired disorders of the digestive tract some obstruction. Congenital gastrointestinal malformations: Includes lumen stenosis or atresia tube wall dysplasia or oppression. In newborns, it is surgical vomiting

vomiting in children

major gastrointestinal disease from top to bottom with food atresia, gastric volvulus, pyloric spasm hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, pyloric valve, annular pancreas, duodenal atresia or stenosis , malrotation, intestinal atresia or stenosis ileum no ganglia disease (megacolon), cytomegalovirus colitis margin disease, anorectal malformation (including anal atresia or stenosis of the rectum and sometimes combined urinary fistula rectovaginal fistula, rectal fistula vestibular , a hole anal, etc.) and gastrointestinal duplication, etc. In addition, a small left colon syndrome, giant colonic motility tiny bladder syndrome, a rare bad stomach muscles dysplasia and gastric perforation, meconium obstruction syndrome, meconium peritonitis very rare clinical meconium ileus were of all nationalities in China rare. Vomiting in children - obstruction extramural compression by congenital anomalies before the duodenum jejunum and ileum fiber membrane or straps, meconium peritonitis aftermath of adhesions, duodenal portal vein mesenteric hernia, incarcerated inguinal hernia diaphragmatic hernia and other diseases caused or landscape. Hiatal hernia cause deformities also belong insufficiency caused by gastrointestinal obstruction and vomiting caused by acquired gastrointestinal diseases: inflammatory sequelae such as bowel or abdominal adhesions baby common acute intussusception (ileocecal, back end or back and forth type, etc.) , gastrointestinal foreign body (hair regiment stomach stones,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats ShoesNIKE Mercurial Vapor X TF Fluorescent Yellow black , etc.) and rare sigmoid volvulus seen in preterm infants milk clot obstruction. Children may be due to constipation caused by abdominal pain and vomiting, urinary retention associated with roundworm obstruction and volvulus is only because of cities within the universal application of fertilizer before they become rare. Because of different causes of intestinal obstruction varying duration (acute or chronic), varied in nature (complete, incomplete or unexpected) and lesion location are different (high median or low), so the vomiting occurred at a time, nature content, color and quantity and other clinical manifestations were significantly different, which causes strong relationship between age and vomiting reflex: more from the gastrointestinal tract by the biological, physical or chemical stimuli, sometimes caused by a variety of factors mixed. Edit this paragraph acquired esophageal disease 1) Esophageal inflammation and stricture due to a variety of congenital and acquired diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux, achalasia, pneumonia, scarlet fever, diphtheria, Helicobacter pylori infection, asthma other pathogenic children repeated vomiting, gastric mucosal inflammation of food stimulation, ulcers and narrow. Acute nausea or vomiting occurs there is a common household lye children swallowed, batteries alkaline solution or industrial use within the acid and alkali and other corrosive liquids, causing acute food mucosa and / or muscle damage, causing inflammation, perforation or formation stenosis. 2) esophageal foreign bodies such as coins, pins, bones, seeds, peanuts, beans, pit, plastic toys.

vomiting in children

light can cause more saliva, swallow poor and vomiting: can cause severe retrosternal burning sensation and pain, and even perforation, abscess formation, after rupture into the esophagus fistula. Children can also be due to foreign bodies in the years ahead compression of the trachea and breathing difficulties. 3) After the abscess etiology of esophageal pharyngeal abscess extending down the various causes of esophageal perforation, secondary abscess, mediastinal lymph node abscesses, tracheotomy tube pressure ulcers and spinal tuberculous abscess. Obstruction due to compression, difficulty swallowing or pain nausea and vomiting. There were also reports of tracheobronchial lymph nodes due to local inflammation aftermath of adhesions, causing localized esophageal dilatation, false diverticula formation, food retention. Mucosal inflammatory changes, causing nausea. 4) traumatic esophageal foreign bodies except for reasons other than injury, mostly iatrogenic, such as endoscopy and injection treatment of esophageal varices accidental injury, gastrointestinal decompression tube inserted or artificial ventilation and so on. At this point often was bloody vomit. According to history, X-ray angiography and photographs difficult to diagnose. Esophageal atresia esophageal anastomosis after chest tube has a foamy liquid, often expressed anastomotic leak, the sick child oral foamy mucus may also have reflux. 5) ruminant domestic literature rarely reported. More common in infants 3-4 months will have to re-chew food before swallowing swallow. They looked up, tongue and jaw, rhythmic chewing and swallowing until reflux. At this point some food spillage estuary, some were swallowed. Baby's good mood and seemed alert. Parents often vomiting or weight gain main complaint. Sometimes when the mother of the baby sick panic, depression or not intervention, mental retardation or mental performance due to normal infants may persistent rumination. At this time, medical education | education network collected more nurses or others to increase the baby's upbringing and care can be restored. 6) Other When intra-abdominal pressure due to mass, ascites, organ enlargement and breathing difficulties caused by swallowing gas and flatulence increases, the diaphragm expansion l, the lower esophagus or stomach twisted, neonatal narcotic withdrawal could reflux or nausea occur. Edit this paragraph signs and symptoms as vomiting is only a symptom complex and diverse etiology, symptoms associated with different manifestations approximation it is necessary to seriously collect medical history, careful physical examination, and targeted selection of the necessary laboratory and imaging studies Finally, after a comprehensive analysis in order to obtain an objective initial diagnosis. History collection due to the different ages varied spectrum of residual disease and therefore should be the focus of acquisition history differences. Generally small

vomiting in children - Indigestion

children of all ages are composed of vomiting majority of medical reasons, such as in the neonatal period Shanghai Xinhua Hospital statistics 266 cases of vomiting in 233 cases (87.9%) is a medical reasons, and the remaining 33 cases (12.1%) of surgical diseases. Medical illness caused by infection by the most common cause of surgical disease caused by infection and abdominal organs places gastrointestinal obstruction based. As vomiting is a symptom of the digestive system, it should first collect a history of eating feeding practices around content, time and habits and other aspects. In addition to attention on neonatal vomiting occurrence and development circumstances should also understand the mother's pregnancy and birth history and medication history. In recent years, the city has a lot of children's eating habits change, of which there are many similarities there are unreasonable and unscientific place, we must carefully understand. Changes in body weight can often be objectively reflect the severity of vomiting and its impact on children need to focus on inquiry. Should seriously listen to their parents and older children the narrative. Analysis of several symptoms should always be combined with the age factor to consider as soon as possible and strive to distinguish the disease spectrum of functional or organic vomiting and medical or surgical nature, in order to determine treatment principles. Vomiting attention to its occurrence, performance and changes (1) time and frequency of vomiting began to emerge in time and the number of daily vomiting due to illness

 

diseases can have significant differences, such as within a few hours after birth began to vomit brown mucus and 3 year olds repeated vomiting brown material two years I apparently originate from different causes. The former may be caused by accidental swallowing maternal blood, and the latter more opportunities hiatal hernia vomiting in children - dyspepsia (2) in such manner as overflow samples such as a small amount of milk outflow from newborns mouth; or reflux gush from the mouth; or a large number of spit from the mouth; or spew from the mouth and nostrils. In the neonatal period the former may be physical in nature, the latter is more common in congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. (3) the content and nature of the diagnosis of gastrointestinal obstruction has important reference value ① clear foamy mucus or undigested food or milk expressed saliva downstream blocked, obstruction above the cardia. Seen in congenital esophageal atresia in each age group food inflammation caused by esophageal stricture and achalasia. ② milk clot mucus, stomach contents have expressed pylorus obstruction. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in neonates and older children pyloric valve after pyloric ulcer scar stenosis. Occasionally children swallowing after chemical etching liquid. When a small amount of blood or coffee was seen in all ages of hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal reflux in children may be eating too much sour vomit undigested food. ③ clear yellow or green mucus blocks sometimes mixed with a small amount of milk or food, often expressed in twelve specified intestinal obstruction. Seen in each age group severe functional vomiting; in the newborn is more common in duodenal atresia or stenosis, annular pancreas and malrotation.

gastric lavage with sodium bicarbonate

(4) yellow-green liquid mixed with a small amount of explanation jejunal chyme nearly correct style seen near the bowel is not smooth high jejunal atresia or intestinal obstruction, intestinal paralysis time. (5) hazel green manure juice taste like odor indicates the site of obstruction in the lower or distal jejunum. In the neonatal period more consideration for the ileum or colon atresia, intestinal disease or absence of ganglion anorectal malformation in other age groups, said there are various reasons due to low gastrointestinal obstruction. (6) bloody speed and location according to the amount of bleeding, vomit contains blood and in different colors. After a small amount of blood and gastric acid found in newborn brown swallow amniotic fluid containing maternal blood sucking cracked nipples or after natural newborn hemorrhagic disease, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis early gastric late; hiatal hernia in all age groups, a variety of causes severe vomiting caused by repeated and critically ill patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, the blood is less than normal or dark brown color. Thrombocytopenic purpura,Online discount stores On Sale Mens Nike Free 3.0 V4 Red White shoes , aplastic anemia, hemophilia, especially when a certain stage of leukemia caused by gastrointestinal bleeding may vomit blood. Portal hypertension with esophageal varices after burns or suffocation gastric ulcer bleeding, oral drugs such as salicylic acid or theophylline can cause acute hemorrhagic gastritis, vomiting can cause heavy bleeding jejunum may also be spit blood. Hemoptysis rare in children and vomiting is not easy to identify, need to rely on other signs and symptoms. Edit this paragraph differential diagnosis when a child vomiting parents to carefully observe the color of vomit odor, character, so that the diagnosis of the disease when treatment provides diagnostic materials can also help parents to understand the extent of the scope of sick children. Light, gray vomit: This vomit mostly from the esophagus slightly viscous secretions and swallow milk, lower esophageal gastric cardia due to poor retention. This situation; common in esophageal atresia or stenosis can also be seen cardiac spasm. If vomit mixed with milk block and sour taste description vomit from the stomach, is probably due to pyloric stenosis, spasm or hypertrophy yellow-green vomit: This vomit bile from the duodenal ampulla often prompts The following intestine with obstruction. This fecal vomit vomit is due to stagnation of food in the small intestine by bacteria and digestive longer the role of odor, often prompted low intestinal obstruction. Bloody vomit vomit is if blood is arterial upper gastrointestinal bleeding; if it is purple-brown blood, it is venous bleeding; case brown vomit, indicating stomach with old hemorrhage. Frequent vomiting, can short-term fasting, or intravenous rehydration. Then give sugar, salt, less greasy liquid, such as lotus root starch, milk and so on. Until the condition improves, which should be consumed as soon as possible. Then you can give a small residue, digestible semi-liquid, such as oatmeal, egg, boiled noodles, milk easily cause diarrhea flatulence, should be limited until the stool may be increased after forming. Should add more water. In the late recovery, should seek to arouse children's appetite, you can eat half an hour before the first service digestive enzymes such as pepsin and other drugs, and increased in the diet nutrition and protein, can start small meals, gradually increased, anti-indigestion. Edit this paragraph therapeutic health treatment medication, severe vomiting, fasting four hours are required, in addition to gastric perforation, the available saline or 1-2% sodium bicarbonate solution gastric lavage Note lateral prevent inhalation of vomit trachea.

vomiting in children

2, vomiting, stop or reduce, you can give a small amount, compared with lukewarm digestible foods or thick rice soup and other liquid diet. 3, dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, should be timely supply of necessary fluids and electrolytes. If circulatory failure peripheral circulatory failure should be treated. 4, frequent vomiting shall be antiemetics, tranquilizers, such as luminal chlorpromazine, domperidone suppositories, caution metoclopramide 5, antispasmodic drugs, such as epilepsy eggplant mixture, atropine 654-2, propantheline 1-2% procaine (1-2ml / years / second) can also be selected according to the disease but note that improper application can mask the symptoms and not conducive to confirm the diagnosis. 6, intracranial hypertension, cerebral edema, mannitol, hypertonic glucose solution can be dehydrating agent such treatment. Preventive health care a. Newborn baby breast-feeding should not be too hasty, after nursing hold regular pediatric body pat on the back to burp 2. Diet should be regular meals and avoid overeating, not too fatty food fried food and cold drinks. 3. Vomiting may be the lesser flow of food into digestible or semi-liquid food a few times to give. Vomiting, severe fasting temporarily. 4. Make children vomit side to prevent inhalation. 5. Positively identify the causes vomiting treatment for the cause.