Wa

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Introduction of socio-economic and cultural customs and religious beliefs Details Art History Etiquette Wedding building diet Sisu language arts and culture festival spirit worship religious ritual Kawa Medical specialty diet therapy festivals astronomical calendar of historical events unfold Edit this paragraph brief introduction

Wa people

our country are mainly distributed in Yunnan Wa West Union, Cangyuan, Menglian three counties, Gengma, Lancang, two rivers, the town of Kang, Wing Tak, Changning, Menghai County also distributed. Since Wa main distribution area and the Lancang River Salween southern section between the expanded zone Nushan Mountains, hills, hyper-rare, also known as Wa mountains. According to the fifth national census in 2000 statistics, Wa population of 396,610. Use Wa, an Austro-Asiatic Mon-Khmer language family Kawa language branch. Pakistan is divided into RAO grams, Wa, Wa three dialects, each dialect is divided into several indigenous languages. No text of this nation. Prior to the establishment of new China, Britain, the United States prepared missionaries to spread Christianity, a Wa text, very rough, use a small range. After the founding of New China, the people's government sent workers to Wa language conducted a thorough investigation, and in 1957 to design a Latin form of the Wa text. Wa is one of China's Yunnan province of ancient peoples. 109 BC (Han Feng Yuan two years), the Han Dynasty set Yizhou, Gaoligongshan jurisdiction throughout the east of this vast region. Was distributed in the Lancang River to the west of the Wa, Brown, De'ang other family ancestors, has been in the system is under the Han Dynasty. AD 69 (Han Yongping 12 years), set Yongchang County, the area including the current Lincang, Dehong, Simao and Xishuangbanna two Wa Autonomous distribution. Thereafter, the Southern and Northern, Central Plains were built along the Eastern Han Dynasty, the establishment of Yongchang County. Tang, Wa Nanzhao ruled by our ancestors. Song, Wa northern distribution area is under the jurisdiction of Dali Prefecture Yongchang regime. Yuan-chao, Wa Di distinction is part of living in the town flourished in Yunnan Meng Kang Road and the top military and civilian zongguanfu road. Ming Dynasty established Meng commander lawsuit. Then there are other areas Wa distribution set zhenkang Yizhou Yu Yu Yi Meng Ding and government, then the government will be razed Meng Ding Yu Xuan Fu split gengma Division, also known as Mengding House. Along the Ming and early Qing Dynasty slight changes. Thirteen years Guangxu (1887) established the town side of Zhili, administer Menglian, West Union, Lancang, Cangyuan other places. Republic of China period, Cangyuan Gengma set the Governing Council, the town Kang, dual River, Lancang (including MENGLIAN and Western Union) were converted to the county. About the Wa ethnic ancestors and distribution, said: collectively between the Han and Jin Mon-Khmer language family of the Chinese nation as "Pu", mainly in the vast region west of the Lancang River and the Red River, and Zhuang, Dai, etc. Ancesters staggered miscellaneous office. Tang and Song dynasties, the Lancang River to the west "look pretty", "Putz pretty", "red mouth Pu", "black burn Pu" is collapsing Long Wa ethnic language branch of the clan name. Yuan Dynasty "Po Man" stars "Health Po" (or "wild Po") and "cooked Po." "Health Po" In the south of the town and its health, and Wa have a direct relationship origin. Yuan and Ming dynasties, a large number of Han Chinese residents moved to western Yunnan. At the same time, to today as the center of Xishuangbanna and Dehong Dai also increasingly strong. Han, Dai and other ethnic migration, on the one hand residential areas gradually Wa Wa concentrated to the mountains, on the other hand Wa further and other multiethnic coexistence. Ming and Qing literature on the Nujiang and Lancang River Valley residents, there are many different clan name, where "La Ga", "ancient La", "La La", "Hawa", "card La tile", "rancid in vain." and the "card wa" and is on the Wa call. About the situation before Tang Wa, historical records is unknown, one of the reasons is from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the western Yunnan and Wa live in the same area, the language is closely related to the collapse of Long, brown, often summarized in the same name , the body is considered the same family. [1] Edit this paragraph socioeconomic records from the Tang Dynasty can be seen, Wa mainly engaged in hunting, gathering, livestock, and some are already early agricultural economy. Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wa have a greater social and economic development of society at that time from the original collection Wa, hunting transition to agriculture, and from the original clan transition to geo-based rural commune. However, unlike other more advanced clan comparison, social development was still slow. Their "home mountain", kind of grains, hunting still an important position. Farming methods "No cattle farming,Nike Mercurial Vapor Superfly III TF Blue Green Soccer Cleats, but the woman with grab hoe." Although Walled off, but the "migration impermanence, leaving I millet." Since the 19th century, Wa society has changed greatly. This is due to inter-ethnic relations to strengthen economic and cultural relations and commodity exchange caused by the development. Meanwhile, their original social development is uneven and more obvious. Prior to the founding of the PRC, ranking Zhenkang, Yongde Tengchong, Changning, King Wa East and other places, mainly due to local residents Han influential, has been with the local Han as belonging to the feudal landlord economy. Habitat A Wa Shan marginal zone Menglian, Lancang, two rivers, most of Gengma and Cangyuan Wa, due to Dai Dai chieftain deeply influenced and affected by some degree of domination, essentially feudal lords economy. A Wa Shan central part of Western Union and Cangyuan Wa, were more likely to maintain the characteristics of the development of the nation, in the late primitive society or from a primitive society to class society transitional stage. At that time, Western Union Wa features of society, agriculture is the main economic sectors, mainly in kind wadis. Farming methods are from 'TJ farming kindling "to" dig plow sow "in the evolution of social organization are primitive and tribal rural communes, from the point of view of economic relations, ejido members have taken place between the rich and poor and class differentiation and there are about 4% of the total population of slaves, but according to the degree of class differentiation and class relations are still not the final form of class society, the relationship is also a slave-holding society in the original parent in the birth parents of slavery. founding of New China After Wa people gained a new life. June 1954 established the Menglian County, was established in October 1955, Gengma County, in February 1964 established the Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County, was established in March 1965 Union Wa Autonomous County of the West to protect their national equality and ownership rights. founding 40 years ago, the Wa people through the development and construction of various undertakings have made great achievements. them through forestry and water conservation, and vigorously build paddy , changing the original farming methods, the development of agricultural production Xun Alex, a substantial increase in food production over the past no industrial Ava mountains, has established a hydropower station tractors and agricultural implements, metal fabrication, food processing and other local industry, transportation , commerce, culture, education and health services has also been very significant changes. before the founding of New China, Wa little mountain school, there is only one county Cangyuan, primary nearly 200. Wa people already had their first generation college students at A Wa mountain counties have established hospitals, health centers and villages also have a medical team, effectively protect the health of the people. [1] Edit this paragraph arts and culture Wa oral literature colorful, mix, related to the birth of mankind, of all things living, weddings, funerals, rituals,nike mercurial vapor ix, and many other aspects of production and life, is the minority literature Art stylized wonderful. oral traditions, including myths, legends, stories, poems and riddles , maxims, etc., in which the animal or animals and human masters theme of the story is particularly rich, profound metaphorical, often fragrant mountain culture. Cangyuan region since 1965 rock paintings found in groups, although not yet certain by Wa ancestors of the hand, but its content is closely related with the customs of Wa history. cliff painting a total of 10, concentrated in the province Meng River Basin Mid radius of dozens. cliff painting of a village map, and Wa central mountain villages of the 1950s, the structure and distribution of similarity, there are about 3000 years old. [1] Edit this paragraph customs and history of the Wa, a man wearing a black jacket and wide mouth large pants; women with whipped head clothing and bar flower skirts, accessories have collars, necklaces, bracelets, waist and feet hoop hoop, most of Silver or bamboo and rattan products, or painted with natural pigments, or depend on natural color, almost as young and old The common love With the development of society, Wa clothing also began to change, the emergence of dress, skirts as well as some of the more contemporary clothing and decor have, but Wa-populated areas remained traditional national characteristics, and Most of the raw materials from the kinds of clothes made of linen, woven through the fabric from spinning since, according to their traditional way, the processing system to do, weave pattern like a peacock, silver pheasant, etc. Yu Ling, some like civet, pangolin such as fur pattern. Wa village built on the hillside or small multi mountaintop in West Union area and some villages several hundred years of history, clustered into hundreds of families of Dazhai. Wa like to live bamboo, some change lives adobe bungalow This was later changed to new residential form of bamboo can be divided into two layers, the upper living person, the lower off livestock. room simply furnished and bright, it is essential for people to use a fireplace and a sacrifice for the used for worship fireplace or heating fireplace with livestock feed in the pan before introduction, Wa more with bamboo cooking, eating, eating according to the number by the housewife, average completion time. likes chewing betel nut, drinking, there is "no wine, not a ceremony, talk does not count "argument. watery liquor made from fermented rice with red, Dorset in the big bamboo tube, insert the thin bamboo tube sucks. Wa people have the custom of drinking tea while eating chili for men and women young and old common hobby. Wa monogamous family in the form of a small family, property, inheritance and more from the son, the daughter no inheritance rights. Wa inverse formula used in naming his son even name system, traced by their own ancestors. Wa projected upwards all the family the name of the earliest generation called "Secretary Kong", meaning gourd or cave, is a matriarchy worship men and women in the marriage can be freely exchanges, known as the "string girl", three young men, two into the cluster at a office, duet songs with donated betel nut, tobacco represents tokens of love, but marriage by their parents decide, the man to pay a few cattle dowry, known as the "mother milk money" and "money to buy the girl." Sometimes parents party does not agree, the parties fleeing forced marriages, parents do not pursue the past Wa has been a popular cross-cousin marriage tables now have a greater change. Wa implement funerals, a common village cemetery and some areas are reserved to the dead man buried bamboo house bamboo house near or under the customs. [1] Edit this paragraph before the founding of New China, religion, Wa is the original religion of nature worship, animism believe that all the mountains, rivers, and all natural phenomena are not understood Elf, will give rise to fortune. Wa most admired was the highest human dominated "wood by Kat", his five sons were in charge of opening day, the provision of land, thunder, earthquakes and the God of Wa ancestors. addition , there are a variety of water ghost, ghost trees, etc. Some Mahayana Buddhism beliefs Wa region, Theravada Buddhism and Protestantism, which is nearly two hundred years of religious forms appear. Wa people's taboo many. Historically, contraindications Wa people with bad habits that have hindered the development of productivity is one important factor. [1] Edit this paragraph Details A Wa Shan ancient inhabitants - Kawa (wǎ) family Wa, Chinese ethnic minorities. existing population 350,000 people mainly distributed in Yunnan Province, southwest Cangyuan, West Union, Lancang, Menglian,

Wa Granny [2]

pairs, Gengma, Wing Tak, Zhenkang mountain counties and mountainous area. The Lancang River and the Salween, between the mountains of the southern section Nushan "A Wa mountain." And Han, Dai, Blang, De'ang, Lisu, Lahu and other ethnic groups live together staggered. After the Han Dynasty, Yunnan have a "Pu" live. In the Tang Dynasty, "Pu", "look man" distributed in the east from the King East, Weishan, west of Tengchong, Lianghe, south from the town of Cornwall, to the north of the Yongping Town area. "Pu" may be living in this area collapse language speaking ethnic Wa ancestors in general. "Hope Man" is probably the main Wa ancestors. Historical documents "look pretty", "looking Ju Son," "foreign Yu" and other names, and now the Wa self-proclaimed "Wa" is basically the same, or very similar. Wa self-proclaimed "wa", "Ba RAO g", "cloth RAO g", "Wa", "A lie," "A Wa Lai", "Le Wa" and so on. He said there are "pull", "I", "Wa", "Ka Wa" and so on. Known as "rancid", "Hawa", "kava", etc., which means "people living in the mountains." According to the wishes of the nation, in 1962 named "Wa." Wa cultural (linguistic, economic, food and clothing): Wa have their own spoken and written language. Wa language belongs to the Austro-Asiatic Mon-Khmer language family, sub "Pakistan Rao g", "Wa" and "wa" three dialects. Wen Wa old British missionaries to spread Christianity is prepared, more rough. After the founding of New China, the Party and the People's Government for creating a new text. Wa economy dominated by agriculture. Like to eat red rice, drinking tea, eating chili, betel nut chewing, drinking wine. Housing with two layers of bamboo-based. Traditional dress in black for the tone. Many men wrapped black Baotou, a black jacket and wide leg pants. Women's clothing varies, the most characteristic is to wear sleeveless waistcoat style consistent head clothing, under the skirts, wearing a headband made of silver or bamboo strips, collars, necklaces, waist bands, bracelets and other jewelry. Wa Faith: the original religion-based. Few people believe in Buddhism or Christianity. New Rice Festival is the most important festival. Literary and artistic colorful bamboo culture unique. Cangyuan abroad. Wa folk dance: "wooden drum", "rejection hair dance" Wa are folk dance, "Wood encouraged" by many national folk dance competitions. Edit this paragraph history in the Wa region generally spread the "Sigangli" legend. Western Union Wa region interpretation "Secretary Kong" is the Cave, "where" is out, which means that early humans came out from the cave. Tales from the cave where the first out of the Wa. A Wa Shan cave located in central west from West Union County, about sixty years to the nearby mountains. Western Union and other places far Wa people to the cave as the "Holy Land." The interpretation of Cangyuan Wa region, "Secretary Kong" Yes "gourd", "where" is out, meaning mankind from gourd out. Although each region Wa "Sigangli" explains different, but regarded as human Wa Shan birthplace, with

 

They are also jointly reflect Wa mountain area is the earliest inhabitants. "Sigangli" is the Wa point of their life in this nation of ancient memories. Edit this paragraph etiquette

 

Wa people hearty hospitality, greets guests with wine at the head, that no wine, not ceremony. Wa toast customary hospitality and diverse. One is to drink a toast masters from first to dispel the various guests quit Italy, and then in turn gave the guests to drink. King of the wine to the guests, and guests must drink, drink it and try my best to represent the heart frank, otherwise it is considered disrespectful to his master; another form of subject and object are squatting on the ground, the owner gave the guests the wine with the right hand, right hand for guests took a little fall to the ground after the first or right hand bombs on the ground a little wine, meaning King Cho. Then drink it together host and guests. Wa folk who do not know the heart, not the good guy does not toast habits. Every son out, guests leave, the owner have to fight "SongQin ceremony." Namely to relatives or guests toast, then the owner with gourd (Sheng wine) filled with wine, to drink one, and then sent to guests or relatives away from his lips, guests need to drink gourd bottom to show affection, friendship, never forget. Edit this paragraph construction Wa room furnishings simple, no tables and chairs, bamboo mat board when the bed, no blankets, with only one blanket or burlap to do is cover, sleepers head, clothes and sleep. Wa housing, different regions. Influenced by the Han areas, usually the ground vegetation room walls, but also soil and individual cottage wall tile. Most of the Wa region of housing construction and housing similar to the shape of the Dai, building materials are bamboo (bamboo and rattan, bamboo, bamboo, bamboo, etc.), grass (thatch, rafters, ridge sandalwood, wood, etc.). Top of wooden limb reserved for joists, beams and then some thin bamboo tray, and then covered with thatch, built into the overhead of the "bamboo." House, two storeys, who lived upstairs, downstairs livestock, poultry activities are individual households blacksmith bellows Downstairs there is also a set of tools and a blacksmith. Edit this paragraph Wa diet is rice the staple food. Western Union Wa regions like Cook and salt, rice pot boiled over thick rotten rice. Elsewhere Wa then eat cooked rice. Eclipse 3 meals when busy, usually eat two meals. Chicken congee porridge was cooked foods such as camellias top grade. Upland eat now Chung, all ages eat chili, spicy folk without enough to eat, said. Wa main source of meat feeding the family, there are pigs and cattle, chickens. There are also prey on mice and insects habits. Wa some areas there insectivorous habits, and more

Wa women in drying grain

edible pupae and caterpillars feed on grasses and broom red worms and parasites in the melon melon tree more than ten kinds of insects. Generally regard the edible insects along with rice congee, food to eat, and salt, mixed peppers, spicy and delicious. Wa beekeeping is relatively common, but beekeeping method is very special, first with a hollowed out logs, two sealed, leaving a number of holes for bees out and placed under the eaves of the forest or to breed honey, cut 2,3 times a year, with one of the pupae eaten. Wa general hi drinking, drinking bitter tea. The drinking of wine are home brewed liquor soaked. Often drink wine soaked in harmless, healthy. Wa began to drink liquor burning. Wa also love to drink bitter tea. Bitter boil very strong, almost into a tea cream. Although the bitter taste bitter, but after drinking a cool feeling. For hot climate in the Wa region, with a magical thirst-quenching effect. Betel nut chewing is widespread hobby Wa men and women, usually labor rest or chat, mouth all betel quid. The chewing betel leaves are used acutissima substitute boiled with lime, betel nut chewing has allegedly Glister role, but according to medical studies have shown that chewing betel nut perennial (non-substitutes) is suffering from oral cancer is an important incentive. Typical foods are: Camellia porridge, fire snake, green peas fried ant eggs, fried firewood and other insects. Edit this paragraph Sisu Wa mainly live in Yunnan province in southern China. Wa region rich in rice, upland rice and generally kind. Wa people's staple food of rice, followed, also eat corn, sorghum, red rice, buckwheat, Jiang beans, green beans. Vegetables with bamboo shoots, peppers, East melon, pumpkin, gourd ocean, red bean, green bean, soybean, eggplant, taro, and some people in their own gardens planted with vegetables, onions, garlic, chives and coriander and ginger. Wa staple food system approach, there are three: the boil porridge, boiled rice, boiled cooked rice. Ranging from two meals a day. Cooking rice is rice into temporary Chung, Chung how much to eat much. Wa generally like to eat rotten rice (cooked rice and porridge range between semi-semi-thin rice). Brewing is the rice, vegetables and salt, pepper, meat (if any pork, beef) into the pot boiled, boiled rotten food can taste very delicious enticing. Cooked rice the staple food in some areas dominated by non-staple food mainly vegetables, melons, sour bamboo shoots, salt, pepper, garlic or meat soup dish is served with rice, which is usually the most exquisite kind Wa meals. Wa main source of meat feeding the family, there are pigs and cattle, chickens. There are also prey on mice and insects habits. Wa predator insects in some areas there are habits, more edible bamboo pupa, red caterpillar plant parasitic vegetation, insects and parasitic broom tree melon melon more than 10 kinds of insects. Usually when insects are edible along with rice congee, food to eat, mixed with salt and pepper, spicy and delicious. Wa beekeeping is relatively common, but beekeeping method is very special, first with a hollowed out logs, two sealed, leaving a number of holes for bees out and placed under forests or rafters to breed honey , cut 2,3 times a year, with one of the pupae eaten. By Wa custom, housewife responsible for cooking and at the food. After the rice is cooked, the rice served in a large wooden tray given to his family, to give each person a bowl of soup filled, if the meat, then the per capita share of a copy. Family around dinner crouched main Huotang Bian, if an outsider, but also points to a meal. Wa importance festivals, there are related to food gift. Such as "collapse Nanni" (Wa years), sowing festival, to take in new water festival, to take a new fire, pull the wooden drum, all containing the sacred concept, with lush food. If sowing sown farming valley set at the time of the cuckoo reminders. Village here, every household all kinds of ready meals in advance, focusing on the hillside, to a uniform distribution of the elderly to go. Then youth sowing, children bottled water, girl singing harp. Until dinner when I saw the edge of a neatly placed two lines of the same size meal packages are wrapped with banana leaves, no bowls, no chopsticks, people wash their hands after eating depicting a pack sitting, quite touching. It is the labor, music, love, cooking harmoniously together, showing their simple morality. Shuijiu Wa people are hospitable hospitality is the best drink. As a mother of fermentation bacteria, after drinking a refreshing benefits of God, spleen and stomach. Watery liquor and beer are similar, low degree, than beer slightly sweet, young and old suitable for drinking. During festive holidays, every family brewing watery liquor, especially after the reform of the rural economy, members of rising living standards, village here everywhere drift with wine. Wa wine ceremony varied. Some masters to drink a longer dedicated to guests, the guests must drink, and drank, which means the sincerity of both sides: some subject-object with squatting on the ground, the owner the right hand King, then right after the guests pour a little on the ground, meaning King Cho, then Meanwhile Hegan, which means a family. In addition, there are "Jie Yuan wash liquor" is used to mediate disputes. The two sides will participate in the entire team, from the friendship with both the first and the third camp "big Moba '(priest) chaired the meeting. First, toast each other, tell each case been hurt, and blame their own fault; subsequently exchanged beef ribs and perforated yellow wax, which means that in the future should be concentric ventilation; Then pour the presiding officer to make water, wash both sides, in situ plant a boulder represents friendship for generations; while the wrong party damages certain property; final common "Rituals", eating flesh and drinking, for the purpose of celebration, rancor from-opening. Wa generally do not drink tea, drink a bitter tea. Do not drink tea distinctive way: the home-made tea (usually green), with a small aluminum pan and baked golden brown, pending emit fragrance, into the bottom of the small backyard big mouth small pottery urn; tea about Tao two-thirds of the volume of the cylinder. Then poured into water, and put a small wood chips inside the brim with charcoal Sencha tea from time to time with a small chip to pressure to prevent boiling the tea with the tea outside the cylinder. Fried fast first pass of water poured into dry, then add a second pass water, fried to a left-half, the tea can be poured out drink. Wa men and women generally have sucked herbal cigarettes habit. Each has a garden, in addition to plant some vegetables, grow their own herbal cigarettes. Smoking in two ways: one is to use suction pipe, the other is water chimney suction. Shimoda working out or when men and women always want to hang a pipe at the waist, but also carry a woven bamboo cigarette use. Water pipe with diameter 6 cm, length 2 feet made of bamboo, the so-called hookah, is poured into bamboo in the right amount of water, (third) this can suck out the smoke, eliminate tar. If you go to wa stopping or guest house, the owner will warm chimney with both hands held out to you, he wants you to taste home-grown herbal cigarettes. Wa mostly eat eggs, do not make a gift of pepper thing. Rob stepping stone pig ban cheap, god forbid his hand stove, Pets ginger into the house, God forbid hunting in the woods. Guests into the camp to go through the permit, and presented wine and meat or sugar cane; guests into the room, only in the outhouse fireplace and cooking; master chickens, guests will be discouraged; masters offer chicken, guests want to return respect beheaded. Betel nut chewing is widespread hobby Wa men and women, usually labor rest or chat, a betel nut chewing mouth is. The chewing betel leaves are used oak and lime boiled substitutes, chewing areca allegedly have Glister effect. Typical foods are: Camellia porridge, fire snake, green peas fried ant eggs, fried firewood and other insects. Edit this paragraph of Marriage Marriage Wa relatively free, there are "strings girl" (ie love) customs, lad to seventeen, eighteen years old, began to "string girl" was. But Wa "string girl" is a group of multi-way, and in formalizing a relationship before the individual activities less. And this "string girl" activities, and many more men take the initiative. Wa married young men and women generally choose in the slack season: part of the election in the lunar month, namely: Wa cut ox tail festival held to cover wooden drum front of the house this month; another part of the election in September-December Rooms, namely: house terrace to worship Hymenocallis completing this time. In the past, according to the customs of Wa, after the death of his wife, the husband can be transferred to his brother room. If the brother married sister and sister by consent can be transformed into brother's mistress. If the woman's family reluctant to switch rooms, but also marries another, but must be paid by the new husband or dowry to her husband's brother's family surname. Such transfer house marriage, marital discord can also be a divorce, but if the man's family offered to the woman's family will not refund the dowry; asked if the woman's home, the man will have to return home dowry. [3] Edit this paragraph wooden drum festivals such as the status and role of the sacred, "pull wooden drum" will become Wa extremely grand, grand religious festival. The so-called pull wooden drum, that is, from the felling of trees in the forest outside the stockade, pull zhaili, create new drums, replacing the old drum activities. More than Lunar November (Kawa calendar January) proceed. By then, the first meeting by the village headman pull wooden drum to determine the time and deacon (a cow, bear activity costs of people), ready to rob and kill the buffalo the liver to see the number of head of cattle a hexagram, and the watery liquor food. Pull wooden drum that day, daytime Rituals ritual night by the young men have been pre-selected trees felled mountains, ready made drum material. Day 2 morning, Quanzhai men and women (some women can not participate) were dressed in festive costumes, come to pull the drums, we sing and dance side, wooden drum with a rope to drag the stockade. But that day is not wooden drum into the camp, to be parked Zhaiwai, chickens need to sacrifice after another auspicious day into the camp.

 

2012 China's Wood Drum Festival (11) new drum into the camp day, give Walled jubilation. O Village People also drums, to congratulate him, singing and dancing, Rituals and butcher, drinking entertainment. New wooden drum production takes about two ten days. Pull the chisel completion date, and immediately sounded to Quanzhai Annunciation, and held a ceremony to put new wood drum. Night, Quanzhai people gathered around the room at the wooden drum, song and dance once again to celebrate the new wooden drum is made smoothly. At this point, the entire pull wooden drum festival party ended. Reportedly, Wa pull wooden drum to offer sacrifices Mok God. Wa people that Mok is the incarnation of human ancestors, which usually live in the temple, do not ask human things. Only to hear the sound of wooden drum, which will descend to getting rid of danger for human rescuers or shared joy. Romance "string girl" Wa marriage, mostly through the conclusion of free love. The age of marriage in general about twenty, mostly men and women small. But young men and women from fifteen-year-old can begin to participate in

Wa Girls

romance social entertainment. This love activity, commonly known as string girl. String is a group of girls manner. Formalize the relationship in front, alone and fewer activities. In this activity, the man has been in the driving position. String girl is mainly carried out at night. No specific place, mostly carried out at the girl home. When night fell, young men and women will come together in small groups, the boys played the shamisen and blowing the flute, a girl waiting for them to go. With everyone singing and dancing, exchanged tobacco, betel nuts, men and women each hair, laugh slapstick, leering, v. Zhongchang. After several string girl, boy saw the girl after someone, they will send some bracelets and necklaces, combs, headbands and other gifts to her. A few days or a period of time if there's not a girl refund gift that she can have a soft spot for their willing as his lover. The girl is all comers, regardless of who will be 11 gifts accept. They believe that the more gifts lad, explain their appearance and character and other conditions better, the more a sense of glory. Girl, the daughter of parents will also train more people are happy and proud. But do not want to continue to develop relationships lad, gifts will soon be returned to him. Also some girl in string course, the young man if someone fancy girl, will take the opportunity to have snatched her jewelry and scarves and other objects, which means that to propose to her. At this point, the girl whether willing or not, to exclamatory, pretending to resist. If you do not obtain two or three days, it means to accept the young man's courtship. Romantic relationship determined young men and women from the groups will begin their individual exchanges. Thus formally asked the media to marry him and engagement, marriage, tied the knot. New Rice Festival Wa is an agricultural nation, Past low level of productivity, the ability to withstand natural disasters weak. Thus, based on agricultural production and the formation of many godly blessing ritual sexual activity, and some also gradually formed a customized, developed into a festival. New Rice Festival is one of them. New Rice Festival is ripe paddy, happy harvest, tasting new rice day. Because of differences in climate, local cereal mature at different times, thus all regions and villages, and even every household holiday time is not the same, but like many before the Lunar July and August (Kawa calendar nine October) proceed. Date to determine, first, to choose according to their grain maturation auspicious. Second, the death of a parent or grandparent's day is the best sign of the Zodiac. Intended to please the ancestors souls back together with epistemic meters with family, sharing their joy. And ask them to bless their posterity deceased family happiness, good weather, grain harvest. To allow our compatriots to work together to celebrate the Wa around New Rice Festival in 1991 Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County and West Union Wa Autonomous joint decision to each year of the Lunar August 14 as Wa "New Rice Festival." Traditional New Rice Festival for many individual households alone. Day of the festival, the owner to get up early, ready to feast wine and meat dishes. After tapping into his fields to the new Valley. Cut back millet bunch hanging on the door, which means that the soul move into the home valley. The remaining rub down grain, drying with a wok Wei Huo, Chung out the new rice, made of rice. Then the ceremony to be held Samskara: new rice bowl filled with a variety of dishes put together at the table of God, the shaman incantations, sacrifice their Ceres, presented their ancestors. After the ceremony, led by shamans and the elderly, the family hi epistemic m. After the owner to open the door, put their own holiday message tells Linlixiangqin. So folks have to carry a variety of gifts to congratulate him. Master then slaughtered chickens and pigs, and even rob cattle hospitality, song and laughter we share the joy of harvest. Wa is singing and dancing. Bamboo dance, in the past there is a blessing for the elderly died jumping a dance, which has become a recreational dance. Dance forms and China Hainan Li bamboo dance the same. Namely two big bamboo flat out on the ground, in two large bamboo poles outside, people both one pair, face to face holding a small bamboo, bamboo slide back and forth along the Grand carom, sliding pole dancers in two collided voids beating. Dance movements to mimic ants, doves, leopards, thrushes and other animal forms off, lively and cheerful. Bamboo dance, usually in Zhaizhong prestigious and influential held after the death of the elderly in order to hit the pole and dance pestle pestle, Zhaizhong ages can participate. Local old man said: "A man is dead, but immortality of the soul, it can not be separated into another world after the same song and dance, so people want to sing and dance farewell him." It is this broad-minded conception of death, creating a lot of funeral Wa dances. Edit this paragraph arts and culture Cangyuan Cangyuan mainly distributed in Yunnan Cangyuan County, Liangshan waxy, Ban examination mountains between the mountains and get arch Meng Dong River valley area. Was earlier found in China remains one of the ancient cliff mural art. Since 1962, has worked in Cangyuan County to north-central Meng Ding and full of cut, peace, Mount Yang, Meng province and other places rock paintings found in 11 points. Most of these rock paintings painted on the ground several meters high vertical cliff on one sheet. Cangyuan main content of character, like, animal like, village maps, hunting maps, ritual chart, dance charts and so on. Each screen has a central element of a truly depicts the attitudes of primitive life drawing, simple, vivid. Wa reflects the wisdom of ancient and rich imagination. Cangyuan with flat coating method, technique concise, lively and vivid. Human multi triangles, do not draw facial features, but they draw the limbs posture changing, dynamic and intense. Through all the different arms and feet posture, you can see the characters active content. Animals, too, although the facial features is unclear, but through the horn, tail, feet and ears features, you can also identify its species.

Wa

Cangyuan images mostly ocher. Paint pigments may be used hematite, shellac and animal blood prepared from. According to experts' preliminary analysis, these may be Neolithic rock paintings works, dating back over 3,000 years of history. Local Wa people always take it as a fetish to be worshiped. Wooden drum Walled wooden drum is a sign of Wa, Wa said, "Crocker" is a traditional ritual Wa tools, musical instruments and alarm equipment. Generally orang trees, flowers peach or teak tree segment as raw material, its abdomen is made by a certain shape emptied. Sizes, usually about two meters in diameter between 0.5 to 1 m. Branch drums, mother of two kinds of drums. Public drum syllables low, heavy sound. Female drum syllables higher sound crisp. Multiple pairs stored in the village of wooden drum room. Wa walled wooden drum housing is important, but also the iconic buildings. Each village has one to several. It is made of six pillars, three beams and structures made of bamboo or thatch, surrounded by a small shed without walls. Wooden drum room though small in size, simple structure, it is a wooden drum storage areas, solid this very sacred temples with other ethnic features and status. Wa wooden drum is a symbol of Wa people worship sacred thing. They believe that the wooden drum is "speaks of the device," "Babel drums", "life depend on water, thriving by wooden drum." Therefore, usually can not tamper with, only sacrifices alarms and other major collective festive activities to beat. Walled wooden drum is a sign of the Wa, Wa said, "Crocker" is a traditional ritual Wa tools, musical instruments and alarm apparatus, generally orang trees, flowers, peach or teak tree segment as raw materials, Branch drums, female Drum two kinds. Public drum syllables low, heavy sound. Female drum syllables higher sound crisp. Wa folk songs "Ko grid to" (play song), custom songs, religious songs, love songs, work songs, etc., Sound area is low, narrow range, rhythm, beat in a more structured two main. Edit this paragraph languages ​​Kawa language belongs to the Austro-Asiatic Mon-Khmer language family Kawa De'ang language branch, there are cloth Rao grams, Wa, Wa three dialects, each dialect another dialect differences. Wa and De'ang language, Brown language family ties, and the Dai language more closely, about 10% of the vocabulary of Dai Loanwords. Before the liberation, except for some areas had used one kind of spelling words with the Latin alphabet, the Wa no text. People often corn, rope, carved wood and other methods to count notes. Since long-term and near Wa Dai, Lahu, Han exchanges, so some learned Dai Wa, Lahu and Chinese. After liberation, the Chinese Academy of minority languages ​​investigation with the third team to guide the work of Minority Language Committee together on Wa investigation and analysis and extensive solicitation of opinions drawn up based on the Latin alphabet, "Wa (then known as Leica Wa) body text plan "(draft), and approved the pilot. 1958 made changes to the draft and to continue to promote and published popular books. During the ten years of turmoil, Wa Man pilot work interruptions. Trial resumed after the Third Plenary Session, and published "Kawa Chinese Concise Dictionary" and some other books. Wa text of the implementation of Wa social, economic and cultural development and prosperity of the record provides a scientific writing instruments, has been welcomed by the people of Wa. Edit this paragraph polytheistic religious beliefs Wa past the primitive religion of animism widely, especially in West Union Wa. This is mainly because in the very long historical period, Wa productivity is extremely low, not scientific explanations of natural phenomena, they can not get rid of the natural disaster and disease caused by, resulting in fear. Gods worshiped at Wa people's minds, mountains, rivers, and biological and all natural phenomena can not be explained has a "soul" or "spirits." "Spirits" is the Chinese translation of the meaning, Wa on the "ghost" and "God" and "ancestors" does not distinguish between, is the same concept. They think "ghosts" to dominate all the world, will give rise to safety fortune, so to them to worship. Western Union is the most admired Wa "wood by Kat." Cangyuan Wa called "Meggie," think of it as the highest gods dominate all things, is the creation of all things "big ghost", which created animals, plants and people. Wa hold religious worship it every year to dance to please it. Wooden drum is to knock it down to hear the drums worshiped by the people. Built a new house when they take the bamboo stool clean "wood by Kat" and all the spirits of nature and help get rid of a variety of diseases caused by the disaster. "Wood by Kat" holds human life. Dreamed it a good omen, as it pulled away the dream of being a harbinger of death. So usually people's every move can not violate it, or would have been unfortunate. Folk think "wood by Kat" is the highest gods, it seems light, fire, like air, omnipresent and omnipotent. It has many sons: Tube earthquake called "Glasgow Sophie Farm" tube heaven called "Da Luan" and so on. These spirits have various sizes, but there is no governance relations, but their duties, the big pipe event, while the small tube trivial. So, what the hell what happened sacrifice to ward off blessed, Erji other spirits is useless. Such as stomach ache only offering "Macro", if Ji "wood by Kat" is useless. Sacrifice "yo black rabon" (according to the meaning of the new water), also known as "pus Kay Iron" days. Legend of mankind since the "Secretary Kong" and will not speak out, illogical reasoning, humans went to the river washed her face until after the speech, then this day is the "pus Kay Iron" days. So then migrate to where Wa whether to build the village established village, take the first fishing tank of water, so the formation of the Wa calendar held every year on January 3rd to take in new water activity. That day, no less than Quanzhai ground or travel. Morning, the water festival director Walled nest Lang sounded wooden drum called Quanzhai people. Came with a bowl of rice per nest Lang. Able-bodied men carrying bamboo followed Moba to repair the source of water for the sink. Moba mice will be cooked on the water side to make sacrifices pray and recited. When the new majority of the water after reaching the village, let prestige of the elderly take water to the water tube nest Lang boiled rice for everyone to eat, and then each household to take water to use. Ji Gu, is a most sacred ritual Wa, human sacrifice or "blood sacrifice" of a form. Sacrifice whole process usually takes ten days, in addition to one or several Rituals heave offering, the Quanzhai people are entering the carnival season, drums, singing and dancing. To liberation, this custom in our country has been rid of most of the Wa region, now extinct. Edit this paragraph Wa Shun Medical specialty therapeutics Law "Heaven and disease" along with the method, a disease caused by heaven and earth with a submissive way, because "the world" can not defy, only obedience to the law and conditioning world the relationship between the human body, in order to achieve the purpose of rehabilitation. Scattered Law "with scattered wind-induced disease of Law", the wind invisible and often change constantly, so with sporadic method of treatment. For example: rheumatism, stroke and other diseases, with "casual" style commonly used medications such as black ants house, camphor tree, Chuanxiong. In fact with Chinese medicine, "expelling" therapies basically the same. Run Act "Run" means "wet" that cause many fires caused by the fire was water off, so Herun France. Such as burns, burns and other diseases with a selection of more water treatment medications, commonly used by the soft grass, tea, honey, bear oil, snake oil. Edit this paragraph is a historical event Wa industrious, brave people, in the long process of historical development, not only for the development and construction Wa mountainous southwest border economic and cultural prosperity has made an important contribution, but also in the invasion against powers, defend the motherland's territorial and sovereignty struggle, but also established immortal feats. From the 19th century to the 1930s, the British imperialist forces repeatedly invaded the Wa region, for spying, surveying the terrain, mines and other aggressive activities spies are being Wa, Dai and Han peoples and other local heroic resistance. 1890 (Qing dynasty sixteen years), the United Kingdom a "expedition" in 500 under the protection of British troops invaded A Wa Shan and other places, the Wa people, "armed with weapons," to resist, scared the British leader " Mianrutuse from people also fear ", fled in panic. 1898 (Qing dynasty, twenty-five years), and Britain Assigning Mengding, A Wa Shan, Burma and other places Menglian boundary, intended for the British invaders occupied our territory map

Wa Girls

mou, Wa, Dai and Han peoples once again take up arms and waged a resolute resistance. Banhong Cangyuan County, Ban old regions rich in silver, lead deposits. Coveted England from 1927 onwards, they began to spy minerals, Pirates of the transport slag. In 1933, more brazenly repair highways, ready to occupy this region, capturing deposits. After the boycott and resistance, early in 1934, actually dispatched a large number of armed forces occupied mine. British barbaric aggression provoked the anger of the people of Wa. Year in February, Ban Ban Wang Hung Wang and invited more than 10 surrounding tribes, in Banhong rallies, Rituals vows, "I would rather bloody, broken no English Emperor slaves." Immediately after the meeting organized three armed, began to struggle against the British, which is shocked, "Ban flood event." Dual River, Lancang, and other places Gengma Wa, Dai and Han peoples also organized more than 1,000 militia rushed Banhong regional war, people across the country have been supported in various forms, with a heavy blow to the British . Later, as the Nanjing Kuomintang government concessions and compromises, making this mainly to the Wa people, vigorous anti-British struggle suppressed. But this struggle demonstrated the high spirit of patriotism Wa people, for excitation of local, national and even anti-imperialist patriotic people also played a positive role. Banhong of the "Anti-British Banhong ruins monument" has become an important local patriotism education bases and Yunnan provincial key cultural relics protection units. Edit this paragraph astronomical calendar Wa people in the struggle with nature for long years, from the production and life of hard labor practice, and gradually accumulated about astronomy and meteorology, mechanical principles and pharmaceutical knowledge, resulting in a simple science sprout technology. These science and technology, reflecting the level of development of the social productive forces Wa and their wisdom and creativity. 1. "Star Calendar" Wa ancestors through long-term production, life practice, flowers and trees found on the ground Xing Sheng, enduring cycle with Jupiter and the moon appeared in the sky meet, leave, re-encounter between cycle corresponds to a certain relationship. After long-term observation, exploration, and gradually created to guide agricultural production and arrange events Wa calendar - the unique "star calendar." Because the history of Wa no text, so "Star Calendar" is the masses through generations Wa spread. Wa moon called "Kay", called Jupiter, as "Star Wood temperature", "Star Calendar" to the moon and Jupiter, the planet will run three full cycle of 360 days a year, a year is divided into 12 months. Month is divided into three, each round of ten days, round out another nine (some villages in 10) names to count. The name of one to 29, in order of priority as follows: "Do not pull" (day), "black pull" (the 2nd), "pus" (three days), "child dragon" (4) "Gong" (25 ), "Shi-Long" (26), "children come" (seven), "The Gate" (28) "Oh," (29), the tenth day of the first day of the same name as "do not pull . " These names cycle three times a month (30 days). January to December of the name as follows: January (Kay iron), February (Kay children pull), March (Kailv), April (Kay collapse), May (Kay splash Ann), June (Kay Liu), July (Kea Liu), August (KSB-generation), September (KSB top), October (Kay high), November (Kay High Speed ​​Rail), December (Kay Gaura) . Wa the Earth, Jupiter, the moon three runs met this day called "A Ma Star Wood temperature" (meaning moon and the stars fight). This day is the first day of the year, it is often said that the beginning of the year day. Walled day as the people who put the most unlucky day, has been used as the anniversary. In the "Star calendar", the "A Ma Star Wood warm" day approximately around 10 December in the Gregorian calendar, also known as "no Lacaille Iron" (ie, January 1). Wa "Star Calendar" is a long-term labor Wa ancestors accumulated experience and industrious wisdom. Wa people for astronomical observation, although in visual observation stage, but this observation and exploration through the creation of the "Star Calendar" on the Wa people in the development of agricultural production plays a big role. The following table Wa "Star Calendar" arranged by agricultural production and living activities: Wa lunar month calendar month calendar month (translation month) agricultural activities other activities? 1211 Kay iron ("Grenada" month) buckwheat harvest winter ride Sink 112 Kay children pull ("solid Spe" month) selected "lazy fire to" build a new house 21 Kailv ("resistance" month) mow valley, land preparation, seed potatoes, 32 Kay collapse ("gas Ai" month) kind of sweet potatoes, sprinkle with upland rice seeds poured over Songkran 43 Kay Ann ("Amu" month) corn, paddy 54 rake Kai Liu ("X" month) ZaiYang close potatoes man hunting 65 Kea Liu ("Hom sweep" month) pull out weeding repair wooden drum housing 76 KSB-generation ("Granada" month) to close early corn, picking pumpkins 87 KSB top ("A match" month) upland rice will be cooked to strengthen manage large Cleaning stockade 98 Kaige ("A generation of clothing" month) repair shod (terrace) 109 Kaige iron ("High Ha its" month) harvesting rice over New Rice Festival 1110 Kai Gela ("High Ha downtown" month ) kind Wintercrops young married calendars created in the history of the world, Wa "star calendar" and Han ancient "Lunar" and the ancient Egyptian "late star system calendar", as are all human beings in astronomy outstanding contribution to the field of science. Edit this paragraph diet Wa staple food is rice. Western Union Wa regions like Cook, salt, rice pot boiled over thick rotten rice. Wa then eat elsewhere cooked rice. Eclipse meals when busy, usually eat two meals. Chicken soup is homemade food such as porridge camellia top grade. Upland Multi eat now Chung, young and old are eating chili, people have "no spicy enough to eat," said. Wa meat comes mainly from family farming, pigs, cattle, chickens. There are also prey on mice and insects habits. Wa some areas there insectivorous habits, but eating pupae, parasitic plant vegetation red caterpillars, worms and parasites in the broom tree melon melon more than ten kinds of insects. Generally regard the edible insects along with rice congee, food to eat, salt, mixed peppers, spicy and delicious. Wa beekeeping is relatively common, but beekeeping method is very special, first with a hollowed out logs, two sealed, leaving a number of holes for bees out and placed under the eaves of the forest or to breed honey, cut 2,3 times a year, with one of the pupae eaten. Wa universal hi drinking, drinking bitter tea. The drinking home brewed liquor are "soaked wine." Often drink soaked in wine is not only harmless, but healthy. Wa recent decades began drinking liquor burning. Wa more drink bitter. Some bitter boil very strong, almost as a cream tea. Although the bitter taste bitter, but after drinking a refreshing feeling. For hot climate in the Wa region, has a magical effect to quench their thirst. Betel nut chewing is widespread hobby Wa men and women, usually labor rest or chat, the mouth is chewing a betel nut. The chewing betel nut are used oak leaves and lime boiled substitutes, chewing betel nut with Glister alleged role. Typical foods are: Camellia porridge, fire snake, green peas fried ant eggs, fried firewood and other insects. Edit this paragraph festivals such as the sacred wooden drum status and role, "pull wooden drum" has become extremely Wa grand, grand religious festival. The so-called "pull wooden drum," that is, from the felling of trees in the forest outside the stockade, pull into Zhaizhong, create new drums, replacing the old drum activity. More than lunar month (Kawa calendar January) proceed. By then, the first meeting by the village headman pull wooden drum to determine the time and deacon (a cow, bear activity costs of people), ready to kill the buffalo rob several head of cattle a diagram to see the liver, and Shuijiu food, etc. . Pull wooden drum of the day, daytime Rituals ritual night felled by the young men mountain trees have been pre-selected, ready made drum material. Early next morning, Quanzhai men and women (and some women can not participate) were dressed in their holiday best, come pull the drums, we sing and dance side, wooden drum with a rope to drag the stockade. But not that day into the camp wooden drum, to be parked in Zhaiwai, need to sacrifice chickens after another auspicious day into the camp. New drum into the camp of the day, give Walled jubilation. It is also adjacent walled drums, to congratulate him, everyone singing and dancing, rob cattle, butcher, drinking entertainment. New wooden drum production takes more than 20 days. Pull the chisel completion date, they should immediately sounded to Quanzhai Annunciation, and hold a new wooden drum installation ceremony. Night, Quanzhai people gathered around the wooden drum room, once again singing dance, celebrate the new smooth drum made of wood. At this point, the whole "pull wooden drum" festival party ended. Reportedly, Wa pull wooden drum to offer sacrifices, "Mok" divine. Wa people believe that "Mok" is the incarnation of human ancestors, he usually lived in the temple, do not ask human things. Only to hear the sound of wood drums, he will descend to getting rid of danger for human rescuers or shared joy. Romance "string girl" Wa marriage, mostly through the conclusion of free love. Average age of marriage at 20 years old, many men and women small. But young men and women from fifteen-year-old can begin to participate in social recreational activities romance. This love activity, commonly known as "string girl." "String Girl" is a group manner. Before formally established a relationship, a separate activity less. In this activity, the man is always in the driving position. String girl mainly at night. No specific place, mostly carried out in a girl. When night fell, young men and women would gather together in small groups, boys played the shamisen, blowing the flute, a girl waiting for them to go. With everyone singing, dancing, exchanged tobacco, betel nuts, men and women each hair, laugh slapstick, leering, v. Zhongchang. After several string girl, boy girl fancy someone, it will send some bracelets, necklaces, combs, headbands and other gifts to her. If a few days or a period of time not seen the girl returned gifts, we can assume that she has a soft spot for himself, as his lover willing it. The girl is all comers, regardless of who sent the gift will be 11 accept. Because they believed that young man, the more gifts, explain their appearance, personality and other conditions better, the more we feel glory. The girl's parents will also train more people while his daughter happy and proud. But do not want to continue to develop relationships lad, gifts will soon be returned to him. Some girls are also in the process of the string,Adidas Predator Lethal Zone TRX FG Prime Blue Black Yellow Soccer Cleats, the young man took a fancy to someone if the girl would take the opportunity to have snatched her jewelry, scarves and other items, which means that to propose to her. At this point, the girl whether willing or not, will be exclamatory, pretending to resist. If you do not obtain two or three days, then it means that accepted the young man's courtship. Romantic relationship determined young men and women from the group will start a separate communication. Thus formally asked the media courtship, engagement, marriage, tied the knot it. New Rice Festival Wa is an agricultural nation, past low level of productivity, the ability to withstand natural disasters is relatively weak. Thus, based on agricultural production and the formation of a lot of godly blessing ritual sexual activity, and some also gradually formed customize and develop into festival. "New Rice Festival" is one of them. "New Rice Festival" is a ripe paddy, happy harvest, tasting new rice day. Because of differences in climate, local cereal mature at different times, and thus various regions villages, and even every household holiday time is not the same, but more generally the Lunar past July and August (Kawa calendar nine October) proceed. Date to determine, first, according to their grain maturation choose an auspicious date. Second, the death of a parent or grandparent's day is the best sign of the Zodiac. Intended to please the soul of ancestors back with his family the same epistemic m, shared joy. And ask them to bless future generations deceased family happiness, good weather, grain harvest. In order to be able to jointly celebrate the compatriots across the Wa "new rice festival", 1991, Cangyuan Wa Wa Autonomous County and West Union joint decision of the annual Lunar August 14 as Wa "New Rice Festival." The traditional New Rice Festival for many individual households alone. Holiday that day, the owner got up early, ready for the feast of wine and meat dishes. Then go to the fields tapping Shintani. Cut back millet bunch hanging on the door, which means that the soul of the valley into the house move. Rub down the rest of the grain, drying with a wok Wei Huo, Chung out the new rice, made of rice. Then hold Sacrificial Rites ceremony: new rice bowl filled with a variety of dishes placed on the altar along with top of the shaman incantations, worship Ceres, presented ancestors. After the ceremony, led by shamans and the elderly, the family hi epistemic m. After the main talent opened the door and put our message to inform neighbors have turned their holidays. So people have to carry a variety of gifts to congratulate him. Master the chickens, slaughter pigs, cattle and even rob hospitality, song and laughter we share the joy of harvest.