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Basic Detail Information Terms Edit this paragraph regulations Name: Shanghai commercial metering management approach Published: October 7,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats ShoesNike Mercurial Vapor IX Cristiano Ronaldo CR7 FG Orange Black , 1994 Shanghai Municipal People's Government issued Decree No. 78, the 1997 December 19 May 54th Shanghai Municipal People's Government Decree amended and reissued [1] to edit the detailed terms of this paragraph Article (Purpose and Basis) in order to maintain social and economic order, regulate the market conduct of operations, to protect the user, the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, according to " China Measurement Law "and its implementing rules and other laws and regulations of the relevant provisions, combined with the actual situation in the city, the development of this approach. Article II (Scope) These measures apply to units of measurement and the nominal value of the settlement or goods business activities. Article (department) Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Technical Supervision (hereinafter referred to as the Municipal Technical Supervision) is measured commodity city authorities, responsible for the city's commodity metrological supervision and management. District and county technical supervision bureau in the city under the guidance of Technical Supervision, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, is responsible for the administrative area of ​​commodity metering supervision and management. Article IV (legal units of measurement) commodity business activities If students calculate the amount of goods and must use the national legal units of measurement. Article (measured at the operator's responsibility) the seller of goods (hereinafter referred to as sellers) and quantitative packaging, quantitative filling commodity producers (hereinafter referred to as the producer), it should be in line with the principles of fairness and honesty in business activities, to maintain the accuracy of measuring instruments to ensure the accuracy of measurement products. Article VI (verification of measuring instruments) measuring instruments used for trade settlement by the technical supervision departments to implement mandatory testing, after passing through the test, before use. Trade settlement with measuring instruments catalog, municipal and Technical Supervision announced. Article VII (measuring instruments equipped) shall be equipped with sellers and producers to adapt their business activities commodity measuring instruments. Sellers or producers to produce sales of prepackaged goods, quantitative filling merchandise should be used when the limit error is less than or equal to the product of the allowed values ​​measured negative deviation of measuring instruments. Measuring instruments with norms, municipal and Technical Supervision to develop. Article VIII (commodity metering negative deviation allowable value) commodities measured negative deviation allowable value, according to state regulations. State has not provided, according to the city's regulations. Article IX (the amount of goods EXPRESS) sellers, producers in the commodity business activities must apply to users, consumers express the exact amount of goods value. The amount of the value of goods must be made by a qualified measuring instruments measured. The amount of the value of goods may not be forged. Article (the amount of goods shortages compensation) commodity business activities, commodity shortages exceed the prescribed amount, the seller shall be to the user, the consumer or the compensation weight loss supplement. Sales in the amount or compensation to cover losses on commodity producers or providers are liable, shall be entitled to recover commodity producers or providers. Article XI (special commodity in quantity detector) detects the amount of goods according to market needs, Municipal Technical Supervision may establish a special commodity in quantity detecting method, commodity business activities in the city to implement. Article XII (prohibitions) sellers and producers may not use state and city banned the use of measuring instruments; must not undermine the accuracy of measuring instruments; shall not be forged, stolen compulsory certification stamp, card. Article XIII (test mediation and arbitration) in the commodity business activities, due to the amount of goods dispute, the parties may apply to the technical supervision departments mediation or arbitration verification. In dispute mediation, arbitration process, any party may change the measuring instruments relevant to the dispute as well as the technical status of the disputed amount of commodities. Article XIV (right used without verification of measuring instruments of punishment) to use compulsory verification and without verification of measuring instruments shall be ordered to stop using and may impose a fine of 1,000 yuan. Article XV (measuring instruments for the use of substandard, counterfeit numerical penalties) using unqualified measuring instruments, measuring instruments undermine the accuracy or the amount of counterfeit goods value,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes Nike CTR360 Libretto III TF Turf Soccer Shoes Black White Bright Orange, measuring instruments and confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of 2,000 yuan can be fine; to the user, the consumer losses, and ordered damages. Article XVI (for forgery, theft compulsory certification stamp, permit the punishment) forgery, theft compulsory certification stamp, license, confiscate the illegal test printing, card and illegal income and impose a fine of 2,000 yuan; constitute a crime be held criminally responsible. Article XVII (measuring instruments for the use of illegal punishment) with state and city banned the use of measuring instruments, and ordered to make corrections, punishable by a fine of 5,000 yuan. Article XVIII (right measuring apparatus does not comply with the requirements of punishment) is not in accordance with the norms of measuring instruments equipped with measuring instruments, make corrections, punishable by a fine of 5,000 yuan. Article XIX (the amount of the shortage of the commodity penalties) commodities measured negative deviation exceeds the allowable value, but also refuses to users, consumers compensation, and ordered to compensate for the loss and may impose a fine of 10,000 yuan. Article XX (the main administrative penalties and confiscation of income) of the Regulations of administrative punishment executed by the technical supervision departments, including Articles 15, 17, Article XIX administrative department for industry and commerce may also be legally enforceable. Administrative departments in the implementation of administrative penalties on the parties, it shall issue a written decision on administrative punishment; collect fines, shall be issued by the municipal finance department Forfeiture uniformly printed receipt. Income shall be confiscated to the state treasury. Article 21 (reconsideration and litigation) the parties accept the decision on administrative penalty, in accordance with "Regulations on Administrative Reconsideration" and the "PRC Administrative Litigation Law," the provisions apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit. Twenty-two (related terms mean) of this approach is the meaning of the following terms: (a) quantitative packaging, quantitative filling Goods: refers to the value of the production process required amount of disposable packaging products, filling and has Unified net content tagged merchandise. (Two) trade settlement with measuring instruments: refers to the sale of goods and quantitative packaging, quantitative filling commodity production process can directly measure the magnitude of the measured object apparatus, instruments and gauges. (Three) limit error: refers to the relevant national technical standards, test procedures for measuring instruments specified in the maximum permissible error value. (Four) items measured negative bias: refers to the amount of the actual value of goods is less than the nominal amount of the settlement or commodity status. (Five) Arbitration Certification: refers baseline measurement apparatus or public standards of measurement carried out in order to award for the purpose of verification, testing activities. Article 23 (export commodity exceptions) in foreign trade, foreign businessmen customized according to the producer, the order requires the use of export commodities of measuring instruments and units of measurement, without limitations of this approach. Article 24 (Application explanation sector) specific application of this approach, the Municipal Supervision Bureau is responsible for interpretation. Article 25 (Effective Date) this approach since December 1, 1994 into effect. [1]

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State Quality and Technical Supervision Ministry Article Article Article Article Article Article Article Article Article IX Article X Article XI twelve Article XIII Article XIV Article XV Article XVI Article XVII Article XVIII Article XIX Article XX security technology products catalog Expand edit this section of Quality and Technical Supervision police Department first in order to ensure security technology to prevent product quality,Nike Mercurial Vapor Superfly IV FG White Blue Soccer Cleats, enhance security technology products industry supervision and management, to prevent the state, collective, personal property and personal safety are violated, according to the laws and regulations of Quality and Technical Supervision and the State Council, the duties entrusted to develop this approach . Article The term security technology products, is used for anti-robbery, anti-theft, anti-explosion, etc. to prevent the state,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats ShoesNike Mercurial Vapor Superfly III TF Cleats 2012 Black Safari , collective, personal property and personal safety may be compromised and included in the "security technology products directory" Dedicated products. "Security Technology Products Catalog" by the State Quality and Technical Supervision, Ministry of Public Security jointly developed and published. Article quality and technology supervision department is in charge of product quality supervision and management department specifically responsible for security technology products quality supervision and management. Public security organs security technology to prevent the work of competent authorities, in terms of quality and technology supervision department under the guidance of the specific charge of security technology industry, product quality supervision and management. Article on the management of security technology products, namely, the implementation of industrial production permit system, the safety certification system; pair failed to incorporate industrial production permit system, the safety certification system management security technology products, the implementation of production registration system. For the same type of security technology products management, not repeated for the three systems. Article industrial production permit system for the implementation of the management of security technology products, in accordance with the relevant national industrial production permit system regulations; implement industrial products production license management security technology products, industrial products without obtaining permission license, banning the production and sales. Article VI of the implementation of safety certification system management of security technology products,Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes Mercurial Victory 2012 III TF White Blue , in accordance with the relevant provisions of Security certification system; implement safety certification mandatory supervision and management of security technology products, without the safety certification prohibit the sale and use. Article VII of the implementation of production registration system security technology products, without the approval of the public security organs produce registration, the ban on the production and sales. Article VIII production under production registration system security technology products business, shall hold the following materials to the seat of the municipal public security authorities to apply: (a) production registration application; (two) business license; (three) comply with the statutory requirements of the product standard; (four) statutory inspection bodies or inspection reports issued proof of identification products. Article IX municipal public security organ shall, upon receiving registration materials produced within fifteen days from the date of completion of the trial. Preliminary examination shall be reported to the provincial public security organs reexamination; preliminary unqualified return the application and explain the reasons. Provincial public security organs shall, upon receiving the municipal public security authorities submitted an application for registration materials production within seven days from the date of completion of the review. Reexamination qualified to make the decision of approval, ratification issuance production registration and registration form to send the approval to the municipal public security organs, public security organs by the municipal notice requesting producers; review failed to make no approved the registration decision and not to approve the registration decision and the reasons in writing to the municipal public security organs, the municipal public security authorities notified by the application of production enterprises. Article marketing security technology products unit or individual shall conduct stock verification, verification of the production company's product quality inspection certificate and industrial products production license certificate or a safety certificate or production of registration of ratification. Article XI production and sales enterprise security technology products, quality and technical supervision must strictly enforce the relevant provisions of laws and regulations, to ensure product quality and compliance with the relevant standards. Article XII of security technology products quality inspection agencies must be approved by the provincial quality and technical supervision departments, or in conjunction with the review by the public security organs and passing the examination, the license within the scope of product quality inspection engaged in inspection activities. Article XIII security technology products quality supervision and inspection by the State Quality and Technical Supervision organization and implementation, supervision and checking of the industry after approval by the State Quality and Technical Supervision organized and implemented by the Ministry of Public Security, local supervision and inspection by the local organization and implementation of quality and technical supervision departments or organized and implemented in conjunction with local public security organs. Daily security technology to prevent product quality supervision and inspection by the local quality and technical supervision departments and public security organs in their respective areas of responsibility according to the law organizing the implementation of, and avoid duplication of inspection. Article XIV violation of the provisions of the following acts, the public security authorities above the county level shall order it to make corrections; refuse to correct, according to the seriousness give a warning or impose a fine of 10,000 yuan; illegal income, punishable by more than three times the illegal income, up to a maximum fine of 30,000 yuan: (a) without the approval of the public security organ registration, unauthorized production under production registration system security technology products; (two) Sales implement the production registration system security technology products, but the product has not been registered with the public security organs approved for production. Article 15 security technology products production, sales, quality inspection activities in violation of the administrative penalty by the quality and technology supervision departments above the county level in accordance with relevant laws, regulations, rules and regulations. Article XVI of the parties to administrative punishment, may apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit. Article XVII quality and technical supervision departments and the staff of the public security organs in the security technology products in the management of abuse of power, dereliction of duty by the relevant departments in accordance with the cadre management authority, be subject to administrative sanctions; constitutes a crime, shall be held criminally responsible. Article XVIII import security technology products for the management of, in accordance with national laws and administrative regulations of the relevant regulations. Article 19 These Measures by the State Quality and Technical Supervision, Ministry of Public Security jointly responsible for the interpretation. Article 20 These Measures shall be September 1, 2000 shall come into force. Edit this paragraph Security Technology Products Catalog No. Product Name an intrusion detector 2 burglar alarm controller 3 Car Alarm System 4 alarm system access control device 5 security safes (boxes) 6 Mechanical anti-theft lock 7 building intercom (video) System 8 Security Door 9 bulletproof glass composite 10 alarm systems video surveillance equipment [1]

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Council Order ordinances General Liability vocational training and examination rules Supplementary medical treatment commenced Edit this paragraph the State Council Order No. 386, "rural doctors practicing Management Ordinance" has been July 30, 2003 the State Council on the 16th executive meeting, is hereby announced that since January 1, 2004 into effect. Premier Wen Jiabao, August 5, 2003 [1] Edit this paragraph ordinances General Provisions Article doctors in rural areas in order to improve professional ethics and quality, strengthen rural doctors practicing management, protection of the legitimate interests of doctors in rural areas, protect the villagers get primary health care services, according to "Medical Practitioners" (hereinafter referred to as Medical Practitioners) the provisions of the enactment of this Ordinance. Article 2 These Regulations apply not obtained practitioner qualification or practice physician assistant, registered in the village health institutions engaged in the prevention, care and general medical services in rural doctors. Village health care institutions practicing physicians or physician assistants practicing in accordance with the provisions of Medical Practitioners management regulations shall not apply. The third health administrative departments under the State Council is responsible for the management of rural doctors nationwide. Local people's governments above the county level health administrative departments in charge of the administrative areas of the management of rural doctors. Article 4 The State in rural prevention, health care, medical services and emergency response have made outstanding achievements of rural doctors awarded. Article
local people's governments should strengthen the training of rural doctors, rural doctors take many forms for training. Article
academic education qualifications with medical education institutions shall, in accordance with relevant state regulations require adaptation of rural medical academic education, orientation training for rural health workers. The State encourages rural doctors to learn the basics of Chinese medicine, the use of Chinese medicine skills fight disease. Article
State encourages rural doctors made medical education through medical degrees; encourage qualified doctors in rural areas to apply for national qualification examination. Article
encouraged to obtain practitioner qualification or licensed assistant doctors qualified personnel, launching village medical institutions or medical and health institutions in the village to the villagers to provide prevention, care and medical services. Article IX
national registration system for the implementation of rural doctors practicing. County government health administrative departments responsible for rural doctors practicing registration. Article
before the publication of this Ordinance country doctor, get local people's governments above the county level health administrative department issued a certificate of rural doctors, and meet the following conditions may apply to the people's governments at the county level health administrative departments for rural doctors practicing registration, obtain rural doctors practicing certificate, continue to practice in the village health institutions: (a) has been achieved above average medical professional qualifications; (two) medical and health institutions in the village more than 20 years of continuous work; (three) in accordance with provincial , autonomous regions and municipalities health administrative departments to develop training programs, training to obtain a certificate of competency. Article XI
having the local people's governments above the county level health administrative department issued a certificate of rural doctors, but do not meet the requirements specified in Article 10 of the Regulations of rural doctors, county health administrative departments shall carry out the prevention, care Basic knowledge of general medical services and training, and according to provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities health administrative departments to determine the content of the examination, the examination scope exam. Within the meaning of the preceding paragraph rural doctors trained and have passed the examination, you can apply for rural doctors practicing registered; examination after training, but failed, the county government health administrative departments shall organize training and testing it again. Not to participate in the training or re-examination still failed again, can not apply for rural doctors practicing registered. Under this section of the training, examination, enforcement of this Act shall, within six months after completion. Article XII
the date of publication of this Ordinance enters the village health institutions engaged in the prevention, care and medical services personnel, shall have the practicing physician assistants practicing qualification or qualifications. Do not have the conditions prescribed in the preceding paragraph region, according to the actual needs, can be allowed to have secondary medical professional qualifications or persons trained to reach the middle level of the medical profession and other persons of practicing register, go to the village health institutions practice. Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities to develop. Article XIII
comply with this Ordinance apply practicing health care institutions in the village officers shall hold village health certificate issued by the agency intends to engage and related qualifications, certificates, medical and health institutions to the village people's government at the county level health administrative authorities for practicing registration. County government health administrative departments shall accept the application within 15 days from the date of completion of the audit work, to meet the conditions prescribed in this Ordinance, shall be permitted practice registration issued to rural doctors practicing certificate; does not meet the conditions prescribed in this Ordinance, no I registered, and the written explanation. Article XIV
rural doctors, one of the following circumstances, shall not be registered: (a) does not have full civil capacity; (two) subject to criminal penalties, since the date of completion of the penalty of the date of application for a practicing registered dissatisfaction two years; (three) rural doctors practicing certificate revoked by administrative punishment, since the penalty decision and the date of the date of application for a practicing registered less than 2 years. Article XV
rural doctors to obtain a practicing certificate by registered only after the village of his practice in employment medical and health institutions engaged in the prevention, care and general medical services. Unregistered obtain rural doctors practicing certificate shall not practice. Article XVI
rural doctors practicing certificate is valid for five years. Rural doctors practicing certificate expiry need to continue to practice, it should be valid for three months before the expiry of re-registration. County level health administrative departments shall accept the application for review within 15 days, to meet the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities health administrative department under the conditions, granted re-registration, renewal of rural doctors practicing certificate; right not meet the conditions, it shall not be registered by the issuing authority to recover the original rural doctors practicing certificate. Article XVII
rural doctors should employ their village medical institutions practicing practicing; changing village practicing medical and health institutions, in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 shall be the procedure laid down procedures for registration changes. Article XVIII
rural doctors of the following circumstances, the original registered health practitioner registration cancellation of the administrative department to recover rural doctors practicing certificate: (a) dies or is declared missing; (two) subject to criminal penalties; ( three) suspend his practice for 2 years; (four) failed the examination, fails to present an application for re-examination or re-examination by the still unqualified. Article XIX
county level health administrative departments shall be allowed to practice registration, re-registration and cancellation of registration to its list of persons practicing medical and health institutions located in the village villagers announcement by the municipal district health administrative department summary, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities health administrative departments for the record. Article XX
county government health administrative department in charge of rural doctors practicing registration, re-registration, cancellation of registration, should be based on statutory authority, conditions and procedures, to follow the principle of convenience, to improve efficiency. Article 21
villagers and village doctors discovered the illegal conduct rural doctors practicing registration, re-registration, cancellation of registration can be made to the relevant government health administrative departments to reflect; relevant government health administrative departments to reflect the situation shall verify and investigate processing, and the investigation and publish the results. Article 22
higher people's government health administrative departments shall strengthen the lower level health administrative department in charge of rural doctors practicing registration, re-registration, cancellation of registration of supervision and inspection, and promptly correct violations. Twenty-three professional rules
rural doctors in their practice have the following rights: (a) for general medical disposal, issued by the appropriate medical certificate; (two) involved medical experience exchanges, participation in professional academic organizations; (three) to participate in business training and education; (four) in practice activities, personal dignity, personal security is inviolable; (five) get paid; (six) on the local prevention, health care, medical work and health administrative departments put forward opinions and suggestions. Article 24
rural doctors in the practice activities shall fulfill the following obligations: (a) comply with laws, regulations, rules and technical specifications medical care, routine; (two) establish professionalism, abide by professional ethics, rural doctors to perform duties for the villagers health services; (three) care, love, respect for the patient to protect the patient's privacy; (four) efforts to study business, to update their knowledge, enhance their professional skills; (five) to the villagers about health knowledge,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes Adidas Adipower Predator XI TRX FG Black Cleats , health education to patients. Article 25
rural doctors should assist the relevant departments to do the work of primary health care services; accordance with the provisions timely reporting of infectious diseases and poisoning incidents, fill out and reported to the relevant health statistics report, keep such information. Article 26
rural doctors in their practice, not reuse disposable medical and sanitary materials. Of used disposable medical devices and health materials, shall dispose of in accordance with regulations. Article 27
rural doctors shall accurately describes the condition of patients or their families, for beyond the normal scope of medical services or medical conditions and technical level is limited to diagnosis and treatment of patients can not and should prompt referral; referral is not an emergency, it shall first rescue and There are conditions in time to rescue the health care institutions for help. Article 28
rural doctors shall not issue has nothing to do with the scope of practice or scope of practice inconsistent with the medical evidence, not experimental clinical medical activities. Article 29
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities health administrative departments shall, according to doctors in rural general medical services, the development of rural doctors list of essential medicines. Rural doctors should list of essential medicines in rural doctors within the limits prescribed medication. Article 30
county government for rural doctors to carry out national regulations for the prevention, care and other public health services, shall be supplemented in accordance with relevant regulations. Training and examination Article 31
provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities organizations to develop training programs for doctors in rural areas to ensure that rural doctors at least once every two years to accept training. County government training programs to develop the region according to village doctors training program. Commitment to national provisions on prevention, health care and other public health services, rural doctors, their training requirements included in the county budget. On the remote and poor areas, the municipal districts of the local people's governments shall provide appropriate financial support. The State encourages social organizations and individuals to support rural doctors training. Article 32
county government health administrative department under the village doctor training program, responsible for organizing the training of rural doctors. Township and town governments and village committees should be the work of rural doctors and learning to provide conditions to ensure rural doctors receive training and continuing education. Article 33
rural doctors should be in accordance with the requirements of the training plan at least once every two years to accept training, updating medical knowledge, improve the professional level. Article 34
county government health administrative departments responsible for organizing the assessment of the regional rural doctors work; assessment of rural doctors, organized every two years once. Assessment of rural doctors should be objective, impartial and fully listen rural doctors practicing in the village medical and health institutions, rural doctors I, where the village committee and village views. Article 35
county government health administrative departments responsible for checking the rural doctors practicing situation, gather the villagers of village doctors operational level, quality of work and recommendations of the evaluation, the villagers accept complaints against doctors in rural areas, and aggregated and analyzed. Overall, the analysis results with the case of rural doctors trained as doctors in rural areas for assessment of main content. Article 36
rural doctors after passing the examination, you can continue to practice; qualified in the assessment, and within six months can apply for re-assessment. Fails to present an application for re-examination or re-examination by doctors in rural areas is still unsatisfactory, the original registration authority shall cancel the registration of his practice, and to recover rural doctors practicing certificate. Article 37
relevant government health administrative department of the villagers and the village doctor's comments, suggestions and complaints shall promptly investigate and deal with, and the investigation results to the villagers or the village doctor. [1] Article 38 Liability rural doctors in their practice, in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, the following acts by the county government health administrative departments shall order correction, given a warning; overdue correction, ordered the suspension of three months or more than six months practicing activities; circumstances are serious, the original issuing department withheld rural doctors practicing certificate: (a) practice activities beyond the prescribed scope of practice, or not in accordance with the provisions of referral;

rural doctors practicing Regulations

(two) violation of the requirement to use list of essential medicines doctors in rural areas outside of prescription drugs; (three) in violation of regulations issued by the medical certificate, or falsification of information on health statistics; ( four) found that infectious diseases, poisonings are not required to report. Article 39 village doctors in their practice, in violation of the provisions of experimental clinical activity, or reuse of disposable medical devices and sanitary materials, the county government health administrative departments ordered to stop illegal, given a warning, may impose a fine of 1,000 yuan; serious cases, suspend or revoke the original issuing department rural doctors practicing certificate. Article 40 of the village village doctors to change practice medical and health institutions, did not apply for registration of change practice, the county government health administrative departments to give a warning, ordered deadline procedures for registration changes. Improper means to acquire 41 rural doctors practicing certificate by the issuing authorities shall rural doctors practicing certificate; cause personal injury patients, shall bear civil liability; constitute a crime, be held criminally responsible. Article 42 of unregistered medical and health institutions in the village engaged in medical activities, local people's governments above the county level health administrative departments confiscate its illegal income as well as medicines, medical equipment, the illegal income of more than 5,000, and more than 1 times the illegal income three times the fine; no illegal income or the illegal income less than 5,000 yuan, a fine of 1,000 yuan to 3,000 yuan fine; with the relevant provisions of Article 41. Article 43 The people's governments at the county level health administrative departments are not in accordance with the village doctor training programs, plans to organize training for rural doctors, by the people's government or on a government health administrative departments shall order rectification; circumstances are serious, the directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions. Article 44 The people's governments at the county level health administrative departments that do not meet the conditions prescribed in this Ordinance rural doctors practicing certificate issued to personnel or personnel do not meet the requirements of rural doctors practicing certificate issued by the people's government Or on a government health administrative departments shall order correction, withdraw or reissue rural doctors practicing certificate, and directly in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions. Article 45 The people's governments at the county level health administrative departments of rural doctors practicing registration or re-registration application is not completed within the specified time of the audit work, or not in accordance with the provisions of the grant practicing registration, re-registration and cancellation of registration of the list of persons shall be announced to the villagers, and by the people's government or on a government health administrative departments shall order rectification; overdue correction, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given administrative sanctions. Article 46 The administrative department of health of the villagers and village doctors handled reflected rural doctors practicing registration, re-registration, cancellation of registration of illegal activities are not promptly verify the investigation or the investigation and handling of unpublished results with Article 45 relevant regulations. Article 47 disturb and hinder rural doctors practicing law, insults, slander, threats, beatings rural doctors, constitute a violation of public order act, shall be punished by the public security organs according to law; constitute a crime, be held criminally responsible. [1] Supplementary Provisions Article 48 rural doctors practicing certificate format by the health administrative department under the State Council. Article 49 These Regulations January 1, 2004 into effect. [1] Edit this Dr. Duan treatment State:
and the Ministry of Health will take two generations to turn the motion, after deepening health system reform after the adoption of inter-ministerial coordination working group argumentation, now a solution for rural doctors to submit:
(a) Any three cards are complete (rural doctors certificate, occupation certificate rural doctors, medical institution) Age: Male 60 years old, female, 55 years old country doctor practicing in the village continuously for more than 35 years (including 35 years), according to 1080 yuan per person per month about retirement solutions.
(two) where three cards are complete, age, male, 60 years old, female 55 years uninterrupted rural doctors practicing in the village for more than 30 years (including 30 years) is about 800 yuan per person per month at retirement solution. (Three) where three cards are complete, Age: Male, 60 years old, female, over 55 years of uninterrupted rural doctors practicing in the village more than 25 years (25 years) at 600 yuan per person per month to solve.
(four) where three cards are complete, and national recognition of qualifications held by rural doctors, may participate in obtaining permits and practicing physician assistants practicing physician certificate.
(five) meets the above three died rural doctors, the state fee shall be given 2,000 yuan cremation burial and secondary 10 months salary for comfort.
(six) where three cards are complete, and reach the retirement age for men and women doctors in rural areas, the state exam given to turn the public system,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats ShoesAdidas Predator xii 12 TPU TF Black White , passed the examination for the examination into the doctor-run, wages countries ranked according to resolve; For the assessment examination unqualified village doctors, national execution out of the system, one out justifiably, assessment examination standards can not be reduced, must be strictly implemented not trade down, trade down is irresponsible people's lives and health.
(seven) Examination turn public must hold nationally recognized qualifications to participate, otherwise, the country doctor to be re-learning,Sale Adidas 11Nova TRX FG Micoach White Orange Soccer Cleats , access to education, and then turn the public examination.
(eight) after retirement and eliminate non-rural village doctor, the national implementation system graduates to work in rural areas, wages arranged by the State favorably resolved, township unified management.
This is what I saw in the House of Love Medicine forum, do not know can not be trusted, we welcome the discussion
(nine) in this way in 2010 from the National Executive, the end of 2015, was banned doctors in rural areas, the state executive and assistant medical practitioners practicing physician system

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Basic Information morphological characteristics of plant growth habit cultivation and management application discovery process Edit this paragraph the basic information

Baoting flower

Middle Name: Baoting flower Scientific name: BaoTingHua. families and genera: Labiatae Baoting genus Edit this paragraph morphology

Baoting flower

dwarf subshrub. Stems round, solid, high 25-40 cm, very short section between the lower part of the wood of the few non-leaf, and left kidney-shaped leaf scars slightly elevated. In addition to the central stem leaves 1-2 pairs subopposite all but alternate, with a long handle, the middle leaf petioles about 2 cm, slightly hirsute; leaves oblanceolate, 7-8.5 cm long, 3-3.7 cm wide , apex obtuse, base cuneate decurrent, margin shallowly wavy, green above, almost no hair, light green below, in addition to a micro pulse bristles on the outside glabrous, lateral veins 4-5 pairs, not up to the edge of the distant music up. Flowers spirally arranged branches in the year about 15 cm long raceme; peduncle and pedicels slightly hirsute, pedicels about 2.2 mm to 4 mm in fruit; bracts linear-lanceolate, was micro-bristles, and as long pedicels, bracteoles none. Calyx funnel-shaped, about 3.5 mm wide and 4 mm, outside puberulent on the veins, inside glabrous, 19 veins, 5 shallow teeth, tooth before two special large, very even together, after three small teeth, was tied The other large triangular, less than half of the first two teeth. Corolla pink,Nike CTR360 Libretto III TF Turf Soccer Shoes Green Bright White, oblique tubular bell-shaped, about 2 cm, 5-veined, outside sparsely puberulent, the inner surface in the central bearded corolla tube, corolla tube up to 16 mm, swelling up from the narrow base of 8.5 mm wide throat, middle width of 1.8 mm, above the middle of the bow song, limb upper lip is small, width 4.5 mm, apex 2-lobed, slightly concave, lower lip large, 3-parted, the lobes,Nike Mercurial 2013 Vapor IX TPU FG Fourth Style CR Exclusive Personal Binary Blue Black White Soccer Cleats, nearly oval, flattened, width 5 mm, lateral lobes ovate, width 3.5 mm. Stamens 4, fertile, after a long, corolla tube filaments, the separation section glandular, anthers 2 rooms, room was 140 ° angle divaricate, pollen grains prolate, size 54 × 39 microns, three ditch, ditch long poles, no ditch film, mesh wall with granules Glyph. Style apex 2-lobed, lobes diamond thin. Tori discoid central beak-like protrusions. Ovary shallow 4 crack tip is slightly bristles. Nutlets 4, sometimes following one pair of infertility, obovate, 2 mm wide and 1.8 mm, dorsal and ventral to the compressed, flanks Hopson surface Hopson surface for the fruit length 1/3, on which there funiculus wire perforation, funiculus silk sewn by the free abdominal vascular separation, epicarp thin, outside five longitudinal ribs, top with tubercles and single hair. Seeds obovate, testa subleathery, smooth, hilum is located near the top of the inner surface of the embryo straight, cotyledons fleshy, short and down radicle. Flowering in September, the fruit of September to November. [1] is a perennial evergreen herb. Plant height 20 to 40 cm, stem very short, off-white to deep purple. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate, apex obtuse, 4 to 5.5 cm wide and 1.3 to 1.6 cm, papery, ventral dark green, short coarse hair, dorsal gray-green, margin dentate shallow. Racemes, terminal, axillary, born about 6.5 cm; bracts linear, purple, tubular flowers,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes Adidas Adipure Cheap V 11Pro IC Indoor Black White Green , small, long 1.8 cm wide and 0.6 cm, five lobed corolla, pink to purple. Flowering :6-September [2].

Baoting flower

Baoting flower

Baoting flower [1]

Edit this paragraph growth habit flower endemic to Hainan Baoting Baoting County, Lingshui County, rare. It likes sunny, hot, humid climate, resistant shade, avoid drought, avoid floods, fear of cold, optimum growth temperature is 18 ~ 27 ℃. Edit this paragraph cultivation and management

Baoting flower

Baoting flower grows slowly and less able to adapt, cultivation and management easy. Potting choose loose, fertile, well-drained breathable neutral to slightly acidic humus, placed under strong scattering of light cultivation, due to high temperature and humidity in summer pay attention to prevent the damage caused. Baoting flowers can be sown, tiller and cuttings, but difficult to cultivate, because of its natural grain fertility rate is very low, not easy to get plump seeds, commonly used for breeding ramets way. Baoting spend major pests: aphids, Icerya, round shield scales, whiteflies, soot disease. Edit this paragraph apply Baoting flower plant small plants, flowers, beautiful, long flowering, ornamental plants suitable for families. Edit this paragraph discovery process

Baoting flower

Baoting genus (Wenchengia CY Wu & S. Chow) is Wu Zhengyi academician in 1965 according to China's Hainan Island endemic plants Baoting Flower (W. alternifolia CY Wu & ; S. Chow) established Labiatae (Lamiaceae) new genus. Because of this genus have alternate phyllotaxis, racemes, very united calyx, stalk and other special features of the existing Labiatae plants are very rare, so it builds under academician Wu Zhengyi monotypic subfamily - Baoting flower subfamily (Wenchengioideae). [3]

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meanings of steps academic journals published Periodical Information About Journal major tenet Audience Instruction to expand the meaning of this paragraph editing ICC / ESOMAR (ICC / Global Market researcher Association), China Marketing Research Association (China Marketing Research Association) the market research is defined as: "means to achieve the purpose of market research information of the process, including the information needed to issue the corresponding specific design method of information collection, management and implementation of the data collection process, analyze findings, draw conclusions and determine its meaning, etc. In the classification, including quantitative research, qualitative research, retail research, media and advertising research, commercial and industrial research on minorities and special groups of research, opinion polls and desktop research. "This definition does not only include commercial market research activities, but also for minorities and special groups of research, opinion polls and desktop research. It is worth noting: This definition does not include only commercial market research activities, but also for minorities and special groups of research, opinion polls and desktop research. Usually market research refers to research organizations (enterprises) with customers, relations between the public process of the law, in the field of marketing is an important element. It is the customers, clients, the public and marketers through information linking this information has the following functions: to identify, define marketing opportunities and problems that may arise, develop, optimize marketing mix and evaluate their effectiveness. Thus, market research is not just research purchaser and user psychology and behavior, but also to the marketing campaign to be studied at all stages, namely, from the producer to the consumer in this process all the information and data on business activity as system to collect, record, collate and analyze, to understand the reality of commodity markets and potential markets, the scope of their research is that all products and services. Market research, said the general approach of technical, market research has the following four methods

market research methods

Qualitative Marketing Research Qualitative marketing research: the most commonly used. Is simply the number of respondents from the answer to analyze, not for the entire population, it will not do large-scale statistics. Common examples are: focus groups focus groups, depth interviews, the project carried out and so on. Quantitative Marketing Research Quantitative marketing research: using the hypothesis in the form of an arbitrary sampling, and the number of samples to infer from the results, this approach is often used in the census, surveys and other large economic power research. Common examples include: large questionnaire inquiry form system questionnaires and so on. Observational techniques Observational techniques: social phenomena observed by the researchers, and set your own cross way is horizontal comparison (usually refers to the temporal comparison), and the vertical comparison (with the same or different times different social phenomenon more) ; common examples are: product usage analysis, analysis of browser's cookie. Experimental techniques Experimental techniques: by the researchers to create a semi-artificial environment test user. This semi-artificial environment to control some of the researchers want to control the impact of factors, examples include the purchase of laboratory, the test venue. Market and survey researchers often are integrated using the above four kinds of practices, they may start to get some first hand information background knowledge, then the target consumer group interviews conducted (qualitative research design) to explore more of the problem, and finally may be a result of customers further expand the scope of the specific requirements of a national survey (quantitative). The value of the role of market research Keywords: enterprise value, value-driven, customer value. In today's business market, more and more companies are working with partner companies to establish a good relationship to get a competitive advantage. Partnerships already in theory and practitioners conducted extensive research. These studies include the social exchange theory, transaction cost theory, resource theory and the concept of the interaction theory, and so these theories and methods to better understand our relationship with suppliers manufacturers provide a new perspective. In the services market? Significance of customer value has been widely accepted in the commercial market value is also critical. Supply chain theory has proven the value of the commercial market management is based source of competitive advantage. The relationship between companies and different groups are present in the value of acceptance, value creation, value generation, value distribution activity is reflected in the value creation between different companies to obtain valuable information, markets and technology,Nike Mercurial 2012-Nike Mercurial Vapor VIII Firm Ground Football Boots Bright Mango Black Soccer Cleats, increase efficiency, and improve cooperation relations and other aspects. Therefore,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes Adidas Predator Lethal Zone TRX FG White Red Black , partners need to know what is the value creation drivers and how to use these factors to their service in order to facilitate enterprises to establish a competitive advantage. From another perspective, any kind of marketing to be successful you must first create value for customers The same applies to the commercial market relationship marketing practice how to use the commercial market value of relationship marketing to study the problem is a topic of great significance for saying how to strengthen the good relations with partners perceived value of the mechanism is of great significance. The value of the commercial market and maximize enterprise value driven analysis of modern theory of value Tun industry capital structure theory stems from the non-tax model and by the American scholar Modi Ge Lenny Miller was proposed. According to this definition, the enterprise value of the company's market value is determined by the value of the stock market and corporate debt market value and composition of the enterprise value of the firm's equity market value. Market Research Market research with domestic situation marketing and promotion are essentially different. Market research is not to sell products, but to market information and consumer information collection, collation, statistics and analysis of the process, even in some of the projects mentioned in the specific product, it is only collecting objective information about this product, rather than In order to sell products. Market research as an industry in the international arena has been a century in China for nearly 20 years. In 2005, the Chinese mainland market research industry turnover of 5 billion yuan, the turnover refers to the professional market research business company and related bodies firsthand turnover. With the development of the Internet and new technologies, market research is often the help of professional online survey system to collect information, process the data, and as one of the main decision-making basis, the market research into the e-age. [1] Edit this paragraph is a market research study procedures SME marketing managers make a lot of confused issues: manpower, neither full-time market research personnel, but there is no separate market sector; financial resources, can not afford a professional market research and market research firm ...... they can not do it, you do not know who is the object you want to please, he was thinking what to do; do not know their competitors in the past, present and future how to do and how to do ...... will. Here, I talk about my little experience. SME market research SMEs generally do not have the responsibility to play an independent and complete market sector, market research work on the duties to play, it was speaking General Manager's Office should do it, some people say the sales department should do it, I think: in the absence of Recent independent market department and the marketing department does not intend to build the case, it is best to make this work to a General Manager's Office, by the full-time staff responsible for the information. This has three advantages: a lot of small and medium enterprises managing direct sales work is done by grasping or concurrently in charge, General Manager's Office as an aide units, it is necessary to grasp the market dynamics for the general decision-making. (2) General Manager's Office and the General Manager of the most close, general manager of guidance to facilitate access to reference market research and market information. 3 General Manager's Office as the company's "central nervous system", by which to plan and execute market research and management of the basic principles of non-contradiction. Of course, in the planning of research activities, must be market-and sales-oriented and fully listen to opinions and suggestions of salespeople. Market Research Market Development in writing before the first chapter first analyzes a sales market,Adidas Predator Lethal Zone TRX FG TPU Metallic Silver Yellow Blue Soccer Cleats, the overall sales volume two, the main breakdown product sales market sales volume II status and characteristics of a regional analysis of two characteristics, the main consumer characteristics analysis Third, the global sales market competition pattern analysis Chapter Chinese sales market analysis selling external environment analysis Section One, two external macro environment analysis, the policy environment analysis Section Chinese characteristics analysis a market size of two, market structure analysis Third, the level of profitability analysis III China a regional sales market analysis, sales analysis of two regional distribution characteristics, the main sales area analysis Chapter China sales channels and sales channel mode research Section II Analysis of a distribution model, close sales channel two, three main sales channels, sales channels, four loose, assisted sales channel sales channel management Section III analyzes an essential element, composition and role of two channel members, channel structure types and characteristics of the fourth quarter sales channel control five forces model analysis one, reward power two, three coercive power, legitimate power four, expertise force five reference force Chapter 2011-2013 Chinese sales market size forecast first major predictor model explaining the basis and two 2011-2013 forecast a sales market demand scale ,2011-2013 ,2011-2013 forecast two major regional demand forecasting three ,2011-2013 new capacity forecast third overall supply and demand in China 2009-2012 pattern analysis one, the next three years the overall supply and demand pattern predicted two, the main factors affecting supply and demand pattern analysis Chapter Chinese views and recommendations by the first aspect exclusive sales channel analysis of a design elements and techniques, sales channels designed primarily two core areas, selling Channel Control mode analysis suggested a second sales model, sales model summarizes two, sales model strategy Edit this paragraph periodical information unit in charge of academic journals: Henan Bureau of Statistics

 

Organizers: China Henan Statistical Information Center Editor: SONG Cai Liang Issues: Monthly Folio: 16 Start time :1983-01-01 Youfadaihao :36-12 Price: 8.00 Price: 96.00 national unity ISSN :41-1348 / C International Standard Serial Number 1672 -4216 About Journal "Market Research" was founded in 1983, is a domestic public offering comprehensive academic journal of economics, by the Henan Provincial Statistics Information Center sponsored by the China Market Information Survey Association, Henan Industry Association of investigation, the Department of Chinese Knowledge Network, WanFangDATA, Chinese core periodicals database selection, VIP Information Network, China HowNet full-text journals and other sites. Journals main sections are regional economy, data warehousing, information dynamically, to express their views, opinions comment, theoretical approach, enterprises. A major issue. Economics, management science and other disciplines theory and practice of experts and scholars of the latest research results. (2) planning, finance, financial, insurance, accounting, advertising and other areas who line with practice writing the manuscript. 3. Culture, education, health, communication, publishing, logistics, energy, transportation, construction, information, manufacturing, legal persons and other areas where the industry to explore market based economic environment the emergence of new problems, new challenges, new phenomena around " Large market philosophy, "summed up his market planning, creative, marketing, management and other aspects of success or failure. Purpose of the magazine relying on the rich, detailed and authoritative survey data, the use of advanced scientific methods and techniques, reflect the status of the various market segments, dynamics and trends, in-depth analysis of the hot spots, focus, difficulties and doubts; to study the market, create a market, market development as the main line, all-round display industry style, and actively work on market-looking reports accurately capture a new, valuable market information. She will melt policy, authority, guidance, practical as a whole, the idea of ​​party and government leaders at all levels to become carriers, market research advisory bodies, colleges marketing professionals, experts and scholars research results show window, specifically in marketing enterprises, policy makers, implementers working reference, the elite of various markets, marketing expert working platform for the exchange [2]. Audience relevant government department heads, market research institutions, colleges of experts, academics and students of marketing professionals, enterprises and institutions engaged in market research leader, marketing and consulting units marketers. Market research Indexed / Impact Factor GAPP core journals included: Chinese core journals (1992) Edit this paragraph Instruction a, contributions may be handwritten, floppy disk. If you write with a pen or a ballpoint pen, graph paper required transcription clearly not use non-standard characters, a variety of symbols to be precise, clear; Second, the final manuscript must indicate the author's name, full mailing address and contact details; Third, Contributions words shall be controlled at 3500 words or less; Fourth, the measure shall be adopted in legal units of measurement, and in accordance with the "PRC legal units of measurement using the method of" execution; Fifth, the proper use of punctuation, the specific use in March 1990 in accordance with the State Language Working Committee, People's Republic of Press and Publication Administration issued revised "Punctuation"; six, contributions drawings should be clear mission, and notes. Digital picture resolution 300 lines or more required; seven, editorial contributions have deletion rights on, if not agree with excision please indicate; eight, three months who have not received Notification of acceptance, rejection in principle can handle their own Articles ; nine were hired publication of the manuscript that was selected (CD), "Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database> and" Superstar library "includes royalties paid their royalties, no extra royalties. If the author does not agree, please specify.

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Origins development steps optometry MP3 glasses glasses glasses lens frames polished Introduction sense physical properties related stories along the formation and development of the industry since the formation of industry sectors change frame glasses frames culture culture culture Foreword lenses eyeglass lenses lenses Eyewear Category Selection Considerations choose glasses glasses frame lens care and maintenance kind antique glasses to protect children's glasses look appropriate size suitable spectacles eyewear lenses Expand edit this section originated development in 1268, the earliest records Rogier Bacon

 

kinds of glasses (20) of the lens for optical purposes. However, at the same time, will be loaded box magnifying lens for reading has emerged in Europe and China. About the glasses are introduced to China from Europe or China into Europe there has been controversy. In Europe, the earliest glasses appeared in Italy by Alessandro di Spina of Florence introduced the earliest glasses portrait "Hugh of Provence" is Tommaso da Modena painted in 1352, China has emerged before the Song Dynasty glasses prototype. Glasses [1] first appeared in 1289 in Florence, Italy, is said to be a man named Al Mato optical home and a life in the Italian city of Pisa Spina invention. American inventor Benjamin Franklin, suffering from myopia and hyperopia, myopia far in 1784 invented the dual-purpose glasses; 1825, the British astronomer George Avery invented glasses that can correct astigmatism. Some people think that Chinese people invented in 2000 years ago, glasses, China in the mid-Ming Dynasty appeared glasses. Tian Yi Heng Ming Dynasty in the "stay green day Sapporo" Volume "Ai cloudy sky" article says: "Every look at the article, eyesight faint tired, do not distinguish detail, in order to cover the head, spirit lingers, Nobuaki strokes. Using damask silk Vanda , tied at the back of the head, everyone does not know, I move to ask.

glasses pictures [2]

I said: This Ai cloudy sky also. "At this time of Ai cloudy sky that is initially called. Edit this paragraph MP3 glasses MP3 glasses is a complex new product, look at MP3 glasses already on the market, its appearance and practical degree to boast about. New MP3 glasses maximum feature is built-in sound (you can adjust volume, volume range to ensure that only the wearer can hear), if want to hear more clearly, MP3 glasses and headphone jack convenient to use headphones to listen to music. MP3 glasses and regular glasses similar appearance and weight , not looking distinction is impossible to separate the two. MP3 glasses only drawback is: no screen.

title

Edit this paragraph glasses glasses step assembly steps: optometry, lens selection, selection of frames, polishing, assembling.

glasses

before the optometry optometry, do not repeatedly use of the eyes, resulting in visual fatigue. Recommended optometry in the morning, to ensure accuracy. Lens material to glass, resin-based. Glass material is characterized by high transparency, using them feel more clear and bright. Main characteristics of the resin material is light, easy to fragmentation. Frame material to plastic, metal based. Plastic, light weight, easy to trigger allergy symptoms. Metal products with strong, durable, not easily deformed and so on. Polished using grinding machine to correct the shape of the lens and the frame to make it fit within the basket. Edit this paragraph glasses lens material common sense understanding of the lens material has the following main types: 1, glass lenses glass lenses have more than any other lens material characteristics scratch, but the relative weight of its more sedate, the refractive index relatively high: conventional tablets of 1.523, thin piece: 1.72 or more, up to 2.0. Glasses has been relatively less. 2, resin lens resin lens and lighter than glass lenses, greater impact resistance. Can be divided into two types: spherical resin lens and aspherical resin lenses. Traditional spherical lens, the lens around to see objects with distortions, limiting the wearer's vision, in the era of technological advancements, aspheric lens design can broaden horizons and make images clear and comfortable, but also the original true colors, to meet consumer the visual needs. Resin lens with its anti-ultraviolet radiation, light, safe loved by consumers, almost a monopoly market. 3, PC lens market, also known as the lens space. It is characterized by light weight, impact force strong, more resistant to impact than the resin lenses. Only about one-tenth the weight of the glass, as compared with the conventional resin lens has only half the weight. General PC lenses need to add anti-scratch protective film after use will be sufficient to get better on Aging. PC lens also has an important feature, that is, PC lens with harmful UV cut effect. Choose the right lens is the refractive index of the lens refractive index lens materials reflect the degree of light refraction, unlike transmittance. High refractive index lens curvature of the mirror to make lighter, thereby reducing hyperopic and myopic lens center thickness of the lens edge thickness, so the higher the refractive index, the thinner the lens. Usually we say, 1.49,1.501 refractive index of the lens as an ordinary lens, 1.56, 1.60 refractive index of thin lenses, refractive index of 1.61 and above thin lenses. Plus the advantage of hard lenses lenses and simply through the lens of organosilicon inner and outer surfaces, inner and outer surfaces of the lens forming a thermal chemical and mechanical protection layer to increase the corrosion resistance of the resin material and anti-friction properties. Because anti-friction properties of the resin material as glass, but after organosilicon hardening process, the resin lens surface abrasion performance has been very close with glass lenses. If the lens without hardening, coupled with improper care, a few months later, the lens surface will wear flowers, the results affect the consumer's visual health. The effect of the lens lens coating film can be selectively increased to visible light, to improve the lens transmittance, the image clearer, but also harmful infrared and ultraviolet barrier, greatly improving the surface hardness of the optical resin lens. Choose frames selection of frames Precautions should be noted that, authentic glasses are in the mirror legs, nose or signs marked with the glasses-size parameters, and can adjust the tightness, for example: 51 19-136, which means that the frame Size 51mm, nose size 19mm, mirror legs Dimensions 136mm. Read prescriptions glasses on the network, consumers need to provide optometry degree and IPD, if astigmatism, astigmatism and need to provide axial, general optometry list format is as follows:

prescriptions

Note: The above prescriptions interpreted as: the right eye (R or OD): myopia (S) -2.00 (200 degrees), astigmatism (C) -0.75 (75 degrees ), axial (A) 135 (the direction of astigmatism); left (L or OS): myopia (S) -2.75 (275 degrees), astigmatism (C) +0.00 (no astigmatism); PD (pupillary distance) : 62mm If there is no astigmatism, only degrees left and right eye and IPD can. Edit this paragraph 1 Physical properties, refractive index (n); 2, water content (% by weight); 3, the oxygen permeability (cm2 / s) (mlO2/ml · kPa) @ 25 ℃ × 10-11 4, the elastic Modulus Pa * 104; 5, specific gravity (g/cm3) [1] refers to a material transparent clarity. Is the chemical, purity and hydration and other factors of expression. Usually with a specific wavelength of light through a sample of a substance expressed as a percentage of transmittance of the transparent substance. The value in most crystal of the contact lens material (no coloring) in 92% to 98%. Hardness of the material hardness and toughness is an important indicator of quality, it reflects the lenses and lenses produced durable performance. This attribute hardness, hard mirror more closely than soft lenses. Reflecting the degree of flexible material toughness. Flexibility and good material to wear lenses for early stage feel good, but can not correct astigmatism, the cornea because it is easy close. Coincide with the shape of the cornea. Tensile strength of a material in the stretch before breaking state, it can withstand the maximum tension value. → good durability, high tensile elastic modulus of a material to withstand the pressure that the ability to maintain a constant shape. Material with a low resistance to stress → small. High material → better resist stress. To maintain shape, provide better visual effects editor About this paragraph from the lens of the functional sense, it can regulate the amount of light entering the eye to increase the visual acuity, protection

glasses

Eye Safety and clinical treatment of eye effect. Children for refractive error caused by strabismus and refractive abnormalities in patients with headache, wearing glasses can be treated. The glasses frame functions, in addition to its support for the constitution glasses lenses worn on the eye play a role in bracket, it also has beauty, decorative. Modern pop stressed, glasses with the times people have facial makeup and clothing harmony, reflecting the high social class, learning elegance, fashion, and so symbolic. With the rapid development of social technologies, as people culture, the continuous improvement of living standards, vision care work, glasses in people's lives that will be playing an important role in the field. "Experts say, pick a mirror for many people can be considered" just be ", so they will not completely abandon the surgery some remarks on the contrary, will spend more energy to study, to find a solution. 27-year-old grandson President intends to Nanjing after the New Year back surgery done, but Cai Ruifang "seal knife," the news gave him a blow, Mr. Sun has been concerned about the developments until later Cai Ruifang out on his own interpretation of "being misunderstood, do not continue to do LASIK is not Because I think that LASIK potentially dangerous or have problems, but there are other considerations. LASIK is the most safe and effective refractive surgery, can be very accurately the degree of correction of myopia, Sun firmer commitment to myself to surgery. Glasses are embedded in the framework of the lens lenses worn in front of the eye to improve vision, eye protection or for decorative purposes. There are special glasses for viewing 3D stereo images or virtual reality images. Glasses can correct a variety of vision problems, including myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia, or strabismus. Other types of glasses including goggles, sunglasses, swimming goggles, etc., to provide a variety of eye protection. Modern glasses, usually in the middle of the lens has a nose (nose brace), and the left and right arms resting on a cushion on the ear position. Beauty or who are not accustomed to wearing glasses, you can choose to contact lenses for vision correction. Although contact lenses and LASIK surgery is becoming increasingly popular, but the spectacle is still the most popular vision correction tool. Edit this paragraph related stories said that in mid 13th century, the British scholar Rogier Bacon see many people due to bad eyesight, can not see the text on the book, wanted to invent a tool to help people improve vision. To this end, he thought a lot of ways to do a lot of trials, but without success. One day after the rain, Bacon came to the garden walk, see a lot of spider web dip Raindrops Raindrops see he found through the leaves, veins enlarge a lot, even the leaves on thin hair can be seen. He saw this phenomenon,Adidas AdiPure TF, very happy. Bacon immediately ran home, rummaging through to find a glass ball. But through the glass ball, reading the text, or blurred. He also found a diamond with a hammer, cut out a glass, holding a piece of glass near the book and saw the text really magnified. Experiment was a success, bacon ecstatic. Later he got a wood, dug a round hole, the glass ball tablets accord, then the placement of a handle, easy to hand, so that people read and write much more convenient. This lens Later, through continuous improvement, it has become worn glasses. Just vision correction, there juvenile myopia used to wear reading glasses and the elderly, as well as a variety of other uses of glasses, people learn, work even more convenient. Bacon for the progress of human civilization contributed. Edit this paragraph formation and development of the industry formed in our history with the development of individual handicraft, crystal glasses made of natural stone materials used to develop the use of glass, the glasses begin to civil use of the promotion and expansion of production technology there are new developments. China's Suzhou (Suzhou) is the birthplace of our glasses, glasses not only historic Suzhou production, but also for the development of China's optical industry played a great role in promoting. Chongzhen Ming Dynasty (AD 1628), Suzhou glasses in the history of the mountain is now an outstanding technician, named Sun Yun ball, the word Wenyu, and the word Si Bin, Wujiang origin. He grew studious, when he saw a person is not healthy eyesight is very painful, but "single photo" mirror of the class and inconvenient to use. So he may well develop a regular lenses in the glasses frame. He passed repeated tests, the use of mechanical principles inventions of the lens grinding machine - led Tuo car. This led Tuo car is called the classical method of processing water orange, with pedal rotation, using ore sand, white clay, brick dust etc. for abrasives or polishing materials, ground into the lens concave lens to fit refractive needs, and finally mastered the grinding technology. Built out of stone with natural crystal lens. He also mastered the "light" (optometry) technology, according to the person's age and different vision developed presbyopia, myopia, hyperopia, and other varieties as well as various luminosity of the lens, and to prepare a set of "eye in the mirror with "The original method of optometry with Habitat for experimental projects. So that you can head over glasses, the effect is no less, wearing the face is also more convenient and comfortable to accommodate the needs of each vision, this is the beginning of our own optometry. Later, Sun Yun ball invented developed optics for different purposes, there are flowers mirror, duck mirror, magnifying glass, a polygon mirror, magic mirrors and other content many dozens. Since then, Sun Yun glasses made famous around the ball. Unfortunately, this one has a technical talent, 33-year-old passed away. But he left one called "mirror history" scientific works. Later in promoting optical manufacturing technology, played an invaluable role. Following the Sun Yun after the ball to the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong, Jiaqing years, Suzhou and glasses out of a manufacturing talent, named Chu three mountains. He further developed the manufacturing technology of glasses, influential. As Suzhou ball out of the Sun Yun, Chu three mountains two outstanding manufacturing glasses and technical personnel, so as to promote the then Suzhou formation and development of the optical industry. In 1735, Suzhou has emerged hand workshop specializing in the production of glasses. To the Qing Emperor Kangxi, the production and sale of glasses in Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, Tianjin, Guangzhou and other places to flourish. Glasses have become a special commodity. Shun industry starting from 1840 after the Opium War, the Western glasses technology into our country, for the optical industry's rise has opened up new avenues. Qing Dynasty, the first Englishman John High German (J. HnGoddard), opened in Shanghai in the "high moral Matheson" franchise machine grinding photodiode glasses. After thus connected to other foreigners. Such as child care pole Division (TobiM) opened a "crystal clear Matheson" British Jews Ray Mao Dayton opened "Ray Gordon Matheson Mao" and so on. After this point, to 1911 was in the "high moral Matheson" work of the Chinese people financing set up a "China Lean glasses company." Since the opening of Lean glasses, so China's optical industry has a new development. Especially in optometry has been greatly reform: ① Start abolished the old store long-standing "light card" optometry, using a combination of host-guest optometry technology. ⑨ eliminated purely manual lens making method using a mechanical grinding equipment, the development of grinding technology, then not only can grind a variety of different nature, different specifications of the lens, also began Producer kinds of homemade style frame (frame ). ③ In the inspection, grinding, cutting, loading and straightening, and other technical aspects of the system, the use of a number of new foreign technology and equipment, which trained a generation of professionals making glasses for China's optical industry soon form a new technical team, and lay a solid foundation. Industry changes in old China Although the development of optical industry begun to take shape, and have the industry will wait for the gang or with industry trade organizations, but in its production and distribution in family hands are private shops and workshops, and its products are mostly for the ruling class decorations, demand outstrips supply, the price is expensive, and thus slow the development of aggression. Especially in the production industry. Until the eve of the liberation of the country only few manufacturers produce glasses are a one, as many as a dozen production workers, ranging from a duo, and the production process is very backward, poor product quality, variety, and for decades has consistently the system. After the founding of New China, the Party's correct line under the guidance of eyewear started by small family workshop manual production, and gradually to organize co-production of small businesses. Such as: Beijing cooperatives and public-private partnerships in the former, one of the few businesses glasses. There are hundreds of families of small industrial workshops, employing about 270 people; business professionals concurrently from 39 shops, employing less than 300 people, of which only ten (ie: lean, Ming dynasty, oriental, shrewd, flourishing, Siming , Baolong, Liu Zhai, SUN Yong-Liang Chang Kee). With the rapid development of China's economic construction, glasses industry has also been actively developed. In industry, Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou and other major producing all have a certain scale of glasses production base. Glasses a plant such as Shanghai, Shanghai glasses Plant,Adidas F50 TRX TF High Energy Electricity Red Yellow White Soccer Cleats, Beijing glasses factory, Beijing 608 Factory, Beijing 603 Factory, Suzhou glasses factory, has become China's glasses industry, large enterprise, the size of medium-sized enterprises are thousand of the country. Members of the quantity and quality of its products and supporting capabilities rank first in the country, and some products was the municipal or national level quality products, brand-name products for many years and some long-term export. Marketing the country and abroad. In addition, a number of defense industry enterprises, industrial instrumentation as well as some enterprises are turning to the optical industry production and processing, business services sector is also expanding sales outlets and adding or increasing L optometric equipment, instruments. Some cities also attaches great importance to theoretical education, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Chongqing and other small glasses technology also offered short courses and other professional staff a technical school for the optical industry trained a large number of professional and technical personnel. April 1985, led by the National Ministry of Light Industry advocates in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, held a national eyewear industry, "Chinese Optical Society" inaugural meeting. The collective will of the membership to a total of more than 140 member companies, including large-scale backbone enterprises have 85, respectively scribe th Ministry of Light Industry, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Machinery Industry, weapons industry, agriculture and fisheries, the Ministry of Health and the National Science Committee; respectively, in 14 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and other 31 cities; workers a total of 27,237 people. Among them, the technical staff l, 393 people: 500 people or more units 15, 200 a unit of 29 to 500 people, 200 people following the unit 41. Divided by economic nature: universal enterprise 15, 49 collective enterprises, township enterprises Io months, a number of joint ventures. This 85 unit Total net fixed assets 145,220,000 yuan, annual production capacity of 1984: Frame 20180000, (where the metal frame 5.9 million). Lens 16090000, rough 16,940,000; output value 140 million yuan, the total sales of 190 million yuan, total profit of 34.49 million yuan, annual exports of frames, lenses 1500000, swap $ 750,000. Optical Society there are more than a year after the establishment of hundreds of plant, to apply to join the association, to the end of 1986 has grown to 240 member companies collectively, a total of 30,000 employees.

 

variety of materials glasses frames (20) China's optical industry, is the result of thousands of years of development and changes. Has been formed with a certain size and a certain production capacity of the large industries in the entire national economy, which become an indispensable part of the country and the people and make its due contribution. China's glasses on the market there is a new market: the online market. This is the e-commerce in traditional industries play a major role in the way of an expression, as the world's first comprehensive collection of business information platform for the industry, all walks of life gathered information consignment products on sale, agency project investment information, direct product supply information. Has the ability to serve both the distributors, agents, buyers characteristics. Business home is a dealer, agent, most resources website. Where: Exhibition it more suitable for consignment products on sale, investment is more suitable proxy investment projects, supply wholesale and retail outlets with a more suitable product advertising communication capabilities than Alibaba b2b, with more dealers, agents, compared with Baidu and other search engines, classified information is rich, powerful sales and investment, distributors, buyers and more; Edit this paragraph frame

 

exquisite spectacle frames (14) frame material in the early days of metal and tortoiseshell, stainless steel, titanium, Xin-nickel alloy, plastic and Monel, nickel alloys and other materials. Frame in the technologies and applications of materials, there is also a lot of breakthrough memory alloy frame glasses, can maintain its shape, even if buckling will not break, making glasses have a longer life, but we also avoid the inconvenience of broken frames. Arm twisted bits in the frame to join spring also contributed glasses more durable. The titanium metal frames, the lighter, more resistant to corrosion, due to sweat to avoid long-term wear of metal corrosion and loss of luster. Edit this paragraph foreword glasses glasses cultural culture reflects a national, ethnic ideology, ethics, values, beliefs, customs and other cultural characteristics, along with the historical and cultural development and the development of the times. It is a combination of material and art, through tangible ways reflected. It is a reflection of the progress of social civilization, but also reflects the wearer's identity, social status, ideas, hobbies and so on. The cultural connotation of cultural lenses lens is mainly reflected in the fine quality material degree, the size of the lens, curve, mix and color, gloss and other fine degree. In ancient times, emperors, the official, the rich and the civilian population with glasses of different colors reflect different cultures and connotations. In modern times, industry, agriculture, commerce, science, defense and other social strata, male, female with a mirror, different styles, all embody the people's ideological and cultural connotations. Frame cultural frame material culture is reflected in the level of quality, frame shape, color, beautifully decorated degree, as well as other aspects of graphic meaning. Ancient carved frames are often blessed, Lu, Shou, financial and other patterns, which embodies the "blessing in the eyes", "happiness and longevity", "to cement", "Four Seasons rich" and the value of content. Meanwhile, Liang shelves often also carved with name, size, name, gold and so on. According to social status and identity of different emperors, dignitaries used more frames with gold, silver, tortoiseshell, ivory and other precious materials, while many ordinary people used glasses with copper, iron, steel, wood and other materials. Glasses beams pattern, from the initial arch-shaped door shape, Horseshoe-shaped, curved, gradual transition to a glyph, bamboo-shaped, turned down the beam shape, etc.; Liang cards, Comb, shaped by the moire, cats head shape, tiger-shaped transition to Yingtou-shaped, two-point-shaped, Plum Point shape and other shapes. Frame Modern Frame in ancient culture based on further development, whether in the form, or from design to decoration, patterns and colors, have become more colorful, reflecting the new values ​​and aesthetics. Edit this paragraph eyeglass lenses lenses define national standards are divided into mandatory national standard (GB) and recommended national standard (GB / T). National standards by the national standard code number, order number issued national standards and national standards published reign (using two digits of the year of release) components. Mandatory national standards is to protect human health, personal and property safety standards and laws and administrative regulations to enforce national standards; recommended GB refers to the production, exchange, use, etc., through market regulation and economic instruments or voluntary adoption of national standards. But recommended GB By accepting adoption, or the parties agreed in the contract agreed to include the economy, to become parties must abide by the technical basis for legally binding. "Standardization Law" will be our standards are divided into national standards, industry standards, local standards (DB), enterprise standard (QB) four. The current implementation of the standard lens lens material - the basic parameters of the lens perform QB2506.2001 indicators - Executive GB10810.1.2005 norms film - perform QB2682.2005 specification transmittance - Executive GB10810.3-2006 progressive multifocal - Executive GB10510.2 [3] Edit this paragraph glasses sunglasses sunglasses category, also known as sunglasses, sunglasses, is designed to protect the eye glasses, lenses are often black or dark, thereby to avoid the sun (especially ultraviolet light) stimulation eye. China in the Song Dynasty, when there is sun glasses. Monocle

monocle

China's oldest minerals or transparent crystal glasses are making a circular monolithic mirror. After the Ming Dynasty had glasses West into China or Southeast Asia, Wu Kuan in getting a gift from friends glasses thank poetry, the poem describes a "circle with English pod with a net and mica horses," usage is "holding the Near eyes ", monocle also known as" single photo "," single lighting already, the old pass is Western Heritage Act. "(" Suzhou Prefecture ") color glasses while driving many car drivers often wore a Deputy black glasses. Snow day in the sun, or when driving a car, this pair of dark glasses to protect your eyes from the glare of prolonged stimulation. However, when the car suddenly approached by a dark daylight time, wearing black glasses have become a burden. While wearing a while pick, too inconvenient friends. What is a good way to relieve the distress of drivers do? There, wearing color glasses prospective OK. In the sun, it is a black sunglasses, thick black glass lenses block bright light. In the soft light of the room, it also becomes and ordinary glasses as transparent and colorless.

color glasses

mysteries of color glasses in glass. This special glass is called "photochromic" glass. It is in the manufacturing process, pre-braced light sensitive material, such as silver chloride, silver bromide, silver (collectively halide), as well as a small amount of copper oxide catalyst. Glasses from no color to light gray, dark brown, and then change back from ordinary glasses black glasses are silver halide becomes magic. "In color glasses glass, there is an exposure imaging and photographic film is very similar to the process of change . silver halide to light decomposed into many black silver particles uniformly distributed in the glass, the glass lens so dim, block light passage, which is black glasses, however, the photosensitive film is not the case, generated after the decomposition of silver halide and halogen atoms, still tightly put together when the back a little darker place, under the facilitation of copper oxide catalyst, silver and halogen compounds re-generate the silver halide, glass lenses and become transparent up. halide resident in the glass, the decomposition and reaction of compounds repeated infinitely manner. photographic film and photographic paper can only be used once, color glasses but they can keep using it. color glasses not only with the light Darker strength that can absorb harmful ultraviolet rays of the human eye, is indeed in the top grade glasses and if the windows are put photochromic glass, sunny day when the sun is less than the room to shoot; in Some upscale hotel, restaurant, has been the placement of the glazing. automobile window of the cab and tour buses fitted with such a photochromic glass in direct sunlight, even the color glasses do not have to wear, the carriage remains soft light, avoid bright sunlight and exposure, which is how everybody happy ah! Contacts

contact lenses

contact lenses, by definition, wonderful in "invisible." It has both ordinary glasses vision correction function, but also lifted the glasses inconvenience, so wear contact lenses have become an today's fashion. However, contact lenses are not for all those who need glasses are applicable and who do not wear contact lenses? Patients with cold hands often with a large number of bacteria, they are easy to take, into the eyes when wearing contact lenses. In addition, flu is often accompanied by a slight inflammation of the retina, wearing contact lenses make the inflammation worse. Many common cold, cough, and pain medicines contain ingredients suppress tears. Contact lenses will reduce the amount of tear secretion is too dry, reduce transparency, thereby affecting vision. People who have allergies lead to complications of wearing contact lenses have a slight inflammation, eye itching, redness, conjunctivitis and eye swelling. If these symptoms for long periods of treatment, may endanger vision. Allergies If you must wear contact lenses, it is best to use only during the day, and at least one day per week suspended. If there is inflammation, it is best to stop using. If 2-3 days after the inflammation has not reduced immediately to the hospital. Glaucoma, chronic dacryocystitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, hyperthyroidism and other diseases If equipped with contact lenses, while the eyes are in the inflammation, to wait until the inflammation disappeared after wearing. Fever fever when the eyes of local resistance decreased tear secretion, B. subtilis will multiply, the bacteria metabolites deposition in the cornea and lens, resulting in lower oxygen permeability contact lenses,cristiano ronaldo soccer shoes 2013, corneal disruption of normal metabolism, thus caused by bacterial corneal ulcers. The elderly to 40 years of age, the eye tissue will be more obvious degenerative changes. Ocular resistance decreased, especially in the eye decreased ability to tolerate hypoxia, at this time if the surface of the eye lens wear thin, can cause eye hypoxia, and thus prone to corneal infections, ulcers and other complications. 40-60-year-old middle-aged man wearing contact lenses can be short, 60 years of age or older is best not to wear contact lenses, otherwise easily lead to serious complications, resulting in permanent visual impairment. Pregnant women are not suitable to wear contact lenses. Pregnancy, due to a change in the human endocrine function, decreased barrier function of the corneal tissue, reduced tear secretion, causing discomfort to wear, so it is best not to wear. Crystal glasses, crystal glasses are expensive, but after wearing feel very cool, some people think that it has the role of raising purposes. This is no scientific basis. Crystal glasses are the first to be used for the production because it was not yet the manufacture of optical glass, there is no better than the crystal optical material. Crystal glasses are expensive because of hard brittle crystal geology strong, not annihilation but not because of pure crystal yield less maintenance on the eye with special effects, people feel cool wearing crystal glasses crystal lenses because ultraviolet and infrared absorption for low temperature less , but it does not support projects. Basketball Glasses Cause: sports arena, you have no experience or

basketball glasses

who saw the collision or force due to physical eye injuries caused bloody scenes? Especially in some highly competitive sports, because sports equipment confrontational limbs and very intense, a little carelessness and any unintentional collisions may cause permanent damage to the eyes, while the traditional optical glasses in addition to vision outside and can not really make up to protect your eyes, but also layers of security risks exist in the external force, the frame and the lens easily fall off / deformed or broken (broken) crack and damage the eyes. Eye injury accidents are: 1. Corneal scratches 2. Iris inflammation 3 front of the eye hyperemia 4 5 traumatic cataract. Retinal swelling 6. Corner cracking and so on. Features: Frame: Designed for myopia basketball enthusiasts, framed by high-tech processing technology integration, width, curvature of the face features more suitable for Asians, knuckle good flexibility, not easy to deformation, can more effectively protect the eyes and nose, flank vents make more safe and comfortable to wear, can ho no scruples surf in the sports arena. Nose pad: a unique, soft, flexible and anti-allergic silicone nose pads, so that the frame will not stick too close to the face, but also in close contact with the opponent when you are able to effectively resist and cushion the impact of the eye, protecting eye from damage. Suitable for basketball, football, volleyball, tennis, rock climbing, cross-country and other sports. Self-adjusting glasses is based on self-adjusting glasses optics, sensors can consciously change the curvature of the lens, and to make corresponding new diopter adjustment soft lenses, glasses can make a long-term use, do not replace, save trouble, save money achieve optical glasses in the history of the application and a major revolution. Reflective glasses can Rearview

can rearview reflective glasses

A special glasses. Positive side is no different from ordinary glasses, wear, through the outside of the lens, can clearly see the situation behind him, so that detectives can easily indecisive, beware of being anti-tracking. For tracking and monitoring purposes, both in the work behind the object being monitored, but also in their front or side of the job, with good concealment. Corrective glasses glasses commonly used, mainly using lenses, prisms, contact lenses to correct vision, etc., in order to eliminate eye fatigue, eye protection or therapeutic purposes. Many different types of glasses, optical correction of refractive errors are mainly used glasses and contact lenses. Myopia correction: should wear an appropriate focal concave lens, so that the light emission by the concave lens properly, and then refracted by the eye on the retina to form a clear image. Hyperopia correction: should wear an appropriate focal convex lens, so distant parallel light by a convex lens converge appropriate number, and then refracted by the eye on the retina into a clear image. Astigmatism correction: Due to the type of astigmatism varies. For simple hyperopic astigmatism should wear appropriate and a certain degree of axial convex cylindrical lens; For simple myopic astigmatism, should wear appropriate and a certain degree of axial concave cylindrical lens; For complex astigmatism should wear degree and axial suitable convex convex (or concave concave) composite cylindrical lens; For mixed astigmatism should wear appropriate degree and a suitable axial punch composite made of a cylindrical lens. But regardless of what type of astigmatism is, the glasses should be strictly measured axial cylindrical lens to make the need to correct astigmatism in the meridian plane is effectively corrected. For irregular astigmatism due on the same meridian plane refractive power is not the same, can not be corrected with a cylindrical lens, you can try contact lenses (contact lenses) corrected. TV glasses

TV glasses

is mainly used virtual display technology, video glasses through the physical size is only 0.24 inches of screen images projected onto the retina of the eye, resulting in two meters of the human eye distance for larger screens. Functional glasses specifically refers to in a particular environment, the next stage, to give a specific group of people to bring the eyes of advantageous properties, can change the visual experience, so that the line of sight becomes more comfortable, clear, soft special glasses. According to the information at home and abroad of functional description and classification of glasses that feature glasses generally include: special mirror students, college students dedicated mirror, computer special mirror, sport-specific lens, driver special mirror, intelligent reading glasses, mirrors and other special police. Features the largest entrepreneur specializing in Functional glasses Glasses in research, development and sales of integrated technology company Edit this paragraph glasses Selection Considerations 1, first choose a regular, reputable glasses shop to the preparation of glasses, glasses have a certain quality and service protection. 2, in the glasses before, should be the first optometry, not blindly buy. 3, glasses produced or optional, the school with the school staff will be equipped according to face. Generally speaking, if the parameter fit, wearing new glasses, would be very clear. 4, if the product is found to have quality problems, should be promptly get in touch with the store. Select eyeglass lenses can be divided into two categories, namely glass lenses and optical resin lenses. Glass lenses including optical glass lenses and high-refractive index lenses (commonly known as thin film), its high hardness, good wear resistance, the general quality and various parameters do not change over time, but the anti-glass lenses impact resistance and weight slightly inferior resin lenses. Resin lens is generally much lighter than glass lenses, and superior impact resistance glass, but its lower surface hardness, it is easier to be scratched. Resin lens and lens coating due to its characteristic soft, so usually the mirror should be careful not to let direct contact with hard objects, best to scrub with water (or blending a small amount of detergent) cleansing, and then try again with a special high-quality cotton cloth or sucking up water droplets on the glasses. In addition, in areas of poor environmental conditions should be used with caution coated lenses, so difficult to clean stained with dirt. In the choice of frames, in addition to price, other than for the standard appearance, with particular attention to the selected frame size and I try to match the IPD, because of its direct impact on the intrinsic optical quality glasses and wearing comfort. Recognition for the quality of the main frame may consider the following few: 1, resilient frame generally of good quality. 2, the coating smooth and glossy frame quality is better. 3, joints smooth, small and uniform good quality frames. 4, parts assembly close by as well. 5, left and right lens ring size, shape must be exactly the same, nose symmetry. Frame aesthetics of modern fashion frames is part of and no longer just a medical apparatus. Optician who wear glasses, do not want to expose their faulty, but to frame can play a decorative role, to cover weaknesses, highlighting the advantages. (A) the main skeleton structure based on facial shape determined by the geometry of the face shape can be divided into six categories: square, rectangular, round, inverted heart-shaped and oval. The classification is not absolute, concrete face shape and each of these may vary, but for the analysis of face shape, select the appropriate frames helpful, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages cover, giving the feeling of symmetry and balance. For example, a square face shape wear circular frames can eliminate the feeling of too obvious edges and corners, the same round face, square frame will add a sense of edges. In other places, of a similar phenomenon. Such as bars plump people wearing clothes will look slim, wearing the clothes bar will be fatter. Face more round than straight hair also tends to increase the sense of contour, rarely hot curls. Choose frames plus a basic principle is the width of the frame width basically consistent with the temporal side, the frame is too wide would be too cumbersome, and will increase the lens aberrations. To analyze each face in turn below: 1) relatively short square square face, prominent jaw line and angular. We need to note that two features of a square face: square, short. A circular frame, in particular a circular bottom edges of the frame can be reduced feeling too obvious. Pull the "long" Face it, there are two methods: This method is the most important: Choose height smaller frames, frame height is too large to account for the majority of face, and people feel this face shorter; if If possible, choose a higher position foot mirror frames, the face will look longer two) as rectangular and square face, this face shape is also apparent angular jaw, the difference is a long face. We still need to ease the edges and corners of the frame with a round, but more needed to shorten the face shape. Square face shape with the aforementioned: Select large height, the mirror foot position in the middle of the frame, so that the frame can occupy an appropriate portion of face 3) heart-shaped heart-shaped face, also called inverted triangle face, characterized by a wide forehead prominent cheekbones, narrow jaw tip. This face shape appearance and uneven bottom, the upper than the lower part of the large and prominent, you need to wear the appearance of the frame opposite, ie wider at the bottom so as to increase the width of the lower half of the face. Temples also help improve the position of the lower results. 4) inverted heart face inverted heart face also feels uneven, narrow forehead, the more down wider, so the lower jaw wide and more prominent. This face shape is relatively rare, the frame selection principle contrast with heart-shaped face, you need to temples on high, narrow at the bottom of the frame 5) round round face and a square face shape is totally contrary to the principles and therefore choose a square frame face almost completely the opposite; angular frame the more obvious need to improve the sense of contour face shape, but also need to use a square face "lengthening" the principle that the use of low height, mirror frames feet higher position. 6) ideal oval face, oval face, person, face, skeleton is not particularly prominent, there is no obvious disadvantages to cover. But this "ideal" face shape will be derived from the lack shape, the necessary changes to the application of the principle of "lengthening" or "shortening" the face shape. (B) the shape of the nose and the eye-shaped handle is made for the overall appearance of the frame face Reference principles, details of the aesthetic defects sometimes face require special handling. For example, the nose is too pretty, if wearing a low bridge or double beam frame, you can hide this shortcoming. Similarly, wear high nose of frames, make a small nose look bigger. Close proximity of eyes who can be light at the bridge of the nose, to the temples gradually become darker in color frames. From the wide eyes of those opposite. Typically, the frame at the top should be parallel with the eyebrow and highly similar, namely, and eyebrow contour or slightly higher (such as frame drop, the top should be flush with the eyebrow). If the wearer high eyebrow, choose dark frames are better than light, which will highlight the wearer's eyebrows high, people feel there is another one eyebrow feeling of presence. (Three) color color people generally divided into two categories: the tone of warm orange and blue for the tone of cool colors. Most people like to choose the color to match the dress, so you can display the character. We have come to understand from an aesthetic point of view selected frame styles and colors, but to illustrate several points: First of all, these are just basic theory, fashion is always changing, people have different tastes, so the wearer's desire to help is the most important ; secondly, you also need to consider other reference frame selection criteria: functionality and feel, they may be contradictory and fashion standards. Also most importantly, fashion principles just to help us choose, rather than absolute. Second, the frames feature frames function of factors to consider when selecting two aspects: (a) control function of the lens frame selection frame, it should take into account the interaction of the lens: the larger frame size, frame effective diameter The larger the minimum required larger lens blanks, cutting edges of the lens corresponding to the corresponding thicker, heavier. Therefore highly lenses and aspherical lens that require small size, symmetrical, round or square frames, and a long frame is inappropriate meridian. The gradient mirror is necessary to have a suitable height of the frame, from the pupil center position to the bottom of the groove circle mirror vertical distance of at least 22 mm. For highly astigmatic lenses, mirrors need to be considered the highest degree meridian direction. If +6.00 / -4.00 * 180 of the lens, to select a relatively narrow, highly larger frames, larger than the height of the frame, so that the thickness of the top and bottom edges will not be too thick. And +6.00 / -4.00 * 90 lenses will have to choose relatively wide, and highly shallower frames. (Two) Objective choose to wear glasses frames to consider when wearing purposes. Some frames may be suitable for everyday wear, but for people who have special requirements, may not be appropriate; while some frames are only suitable for certain environments wear. Third, the wearing comfort also need to choose the right frame considering wearing comfort. Factors affecting wearing comfort including frames and weight of the glasses, which depends not only on the weight frame materials, but also by the size of frames and lenses, thickness. Also frames fit case will affect wearing comfort, need to properly select, adjust the frames. Frame importance of wearing comfort can not be ignored, complaining of discomfort frames wear glasses people do not complain about vision problems than fewer people. Four, considering the frame aesthetics, functionality and spectacles frames and other frames selection criteria feeling often there is a conflict between, then you need to know which side is most important, and sometimes even several pairs of frames needed to solve different conflicts. Of course, in addition to the above, but also on the quality of the frame itself, there is a certain understanding. When the hands of a pair of glasses, we should make a point of view from the following observation. (A) look at the surface: to select the surface clear, shiny, unblemished disease, scratches, bumps, corrosion, spalling and other problems mirror legs. (2) see "ID": In addition to the regular manufacturers printed in the frame on the number, size, also printed on the grades. (3) see modeling: the mirror legs opened, flat, look in the mirror body and legs are angled mirror tilt frame is the same size, each part is symmetrical frame, metal frame with spring leg elastic legs are the same, various components working fine. Edit this paragraph maintenance glasses to protect a spectacle, one hand pick wear around the frame will destroy the balance, resulting in deformation, suggest that you hold hands and cheeks temples along a direction parallel to pick to wear. 2, take time to wear off before the general left mirror legs, easy to cause frame deformation. 3, the proposed rinse water glasses and dry with paper towels, and then try to use special glasses cloth wipe, wipe the mirror must lift up the side of the frame edge wire, gently wipe the lens, to avoid excessive force causing the frame or lens damage. 4, do not wear glasses, use glasses cloth into the glasses case. If the temporary placement, please upward convex glasses, or easy to wear flowers lenses. Meanwhile, the glasses should be avoided with insect repellent, toilet articles, cosmetics, hair sprays, medicines and other corrosive materials in contact, avoid prolonged direct sunlight and high temperature (60 ℃ above) placed, otherwise easily lead to lenses, frames degradation, deterioration, discoloration, etc. . 5, regular adjustments to the specialty store for shaping, frame deformation will burden the nose and ears, the lens is also easy to loose. 6, do not use the glasses in intense exercise, avoid strong shocks led to broken lenses, causing eye and facial injuries; Do not use worn lenses to prevent vision loss caused by scattered light color; Do not look at the sun or strong dazzling light to avoid eye hurt. Clean glasses doorways clean glasses principle is to be bright and clean, not contaminated with grease, to avoid scratching the lens. Use a mild soap or special detergent, rinse and then use lens-cleaning paper or the soft tissues dry, many people have picked up the clothes, handkerchiefs and other habit of wiping the lens, which is not the correct action because the rough material easily scratched lenses. Clean the slit between the frames, you can use an old toothbrush to gently scrub with a soft, remove grime. Collection glasses to carefully place the glasses have a way to develop a fixed habit, first with flannel wrapped lenses, then folded the left frame, then folded the right frame, in order to prevent excess weight glasses, glasses can be placed on a rigid glasses collection box. Eyewear is a small thing, but cleaning and maintenance is very important, unfortunately, many people only vaguely, ranging from damage to glasses, hinder visual impact, while in accelerated deterioration of vision, it is not accidentally. If you want to know more detailed maintenance, or have any questions, you are welcome to a special hospital with glasses, you will be satisfied and detailed answers. Maintenance of contact lenses contact lenses gently thin close to the eye, once contaminated, the immediate and direct damage to eyes, therefore cleaning and maintenance must not be lazy. In addition to lightness finds other eye diseases, generally three kinds of contact lenses are subjected to contamination; one external contamination, such as airborne dust, oil, cosmetics, detergents. Second, the eye itself, such as tear proteins, mucus secretions. Third, bacteria, mold contamination. Therefore, the cleaning and maintenance of contact lenses in addition to carefully avoid scratching, but also to reach a thorough cleaning, sterilization, protein three kinds of tasks. See eye care system in principle, and not the most perfect maintenance system, some of the cleaning solution may be effective, but it will cause allergies in some people's eyes irritation, so when you buy contact lenses, be sure to ask the most suitable habits and physical condition and maintenance systems, and do not care for any mix of different systems, in general, selecting a maintenance system should pay attention to several points: health authorities through inspection approval. Safety to the eyes, no allergies, irritation. Good cleaning effect. Can be completely sterilized. Deproteinised good effect. Fit your lifestyle. Simple and easy to use. At reasonable prices. Specifically:
hand scrub lenses: If you do not like the general dirty clothes after the first scrub, directly thrown into the washing machine, is unable to remove stubborn dirt same reason, contact lenses must be handled scrub more than 30 seconds in order to achieve the cleaning effect. Study reported that by the hand scrub the lens, is more effective than any machine on the lenses to remove impurities and sediment. In addition, no clean tap water or boiling water disinfection, can not be used to clean contact lenses.
periodic replacement contact lenses: contact lenses Unlike glasses lens, then the perfect way of cleaning and maintenance, there will still be a little residual microorganisms on the lenses. Even though infrequently used, the lens material after 1 to 2 years later, naturally become old, you should discard the new ones, to prevent eye injury.
contact lenses can not be placed in physiological saline save: saline without sterilization, used to hold the lens, easy to breed bacteria that cause eye infections.
[4] maintenance solution or physiological saline. Go week in and week tear protein contained protein ingredients can easily adhere to the lens, and very stubborn deposits on the lenses, even daily cleaning can not be completely removed, but the longer the more difficult to clear the backlog, make eye redness , photophobia, lens discoloration, irritation of the eyes of the immune system to produce antibodies, causing the "Big protruding conjunctivitis" and other diseases. Clean the film to the protein enzymes, can break down protein structure, chopped, to eliminate adhesion to achieve the cleaning effect. Protein usually go once a week to work. Maintenance dazzling sunglasses sunglasses lets you active in the sun, good freedom. In fact, sunglasses resist the sun, can not stop the pollution damage, so be careful care, lest face embarrassing Oh. In fact, maintenance methods like sunglasses glasses general maintenance, cleaning, closed stack, storage should be a habit. But sunglasses often Tuotuo Dai Dai, accidentally scratched, so there are some small details to remind you to: sunglasses tainted adheres, do not use nails to pull, it's easy to scratch the wound surface. Do not wear sunglasses, many people will easily hung on the head, neck or pocket, then the body's range of motion do not be too large, in order to avoid tearing or crashing. Or someone will put handbag, recommend that you first put in a hard glasses case, and then into the bag to avoid being the key, comb, copper and other small things wear lenses, or catching lipstick and other cosmetics. Whether you are in the sun glasses collection where you want to be sure to remember the mirror up. Edit this paragraph maintenance framework to keep clean: sweat or skin oils on the metal part of the frame is easy to have a corrosive effect, daily cleaning glasses, very helpful in prolonging the life of glasses. Avoid the sun: a long exposure to the sun on easy place to break down due to frame in light and heat, easy to fade. Proper lens cleaning: Using special glasses cloth. Do not hit a hard object lens, do not wipe the lens with your fingers, use a clean cloth to wipe the mirror, reducing lens wear. Correct storage: Do not towards the front of the lens decentralization. If not, try to put glasses box, if wearing glasses when the glasses with a lens cloth wrapped, into the mirror box to avoid damage. Edit this paragraph lenses category 1 anti-reflective protective lenses This lens is coated with a thin layer of magnesium fluoride to prevent light reflection, allowing you to see things more clearly and without light interference. To test whether your glasses with anti-reflective protective lenses really, glasses can be aligned with the light source, if you see a purple or green reflective, it means the lens does have anti-reflection coated with a protective film. 2 color lenses are called "dyed lens", that is, the lens production process, with some chemical substances, so that the lens showing the color to absorb specific wavelengths of light. This is the most commonly used lens sunglasses type. 3 coloring lens with this lens effect of rendering the same color lenses, only made in different ways, it is the color applied to the surface of the lens, the most well-known is the "gradient-like coloring lenses," color is above deepest, and then down gradually shallow. Generally with prescription sunglasses are painted handle multiple lenses. 4 Polarized lenses in order to filter the sun shone on the water, land or snow equality dazzling light direction, perpendicular to the lenses to add a special coating, called polarized lenses. Most suitable for outdoor sports (eg: Seaside, skiing or fishing) is used. 5 color lenses was also known as the "photographic lenses." Because the silver halide in the lens add chemicals to the original colorless and transparent lenses, glare met, it will become colored lenses, do protection, it is suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Glasses used to be a symbol of wisdom and culture. Because modern society TVs, computers and other inventions pose potential threats to protect the eyes, more and more people wearing glasses. People who wear glasses will often dubbed the four holes punched, this is the kind of people who wear glasses rude and disrespectful. In addition, people who wear glasses often protruding eyes. 6 aspherical lens to prevent deformation of the eyeball. There are more great visual effect. Antique spectacles antique glasses refers handmade, one-piece assembly made of old glasses, mechanical assembly line now

antique glasses

produced glasses not included. Glasses are exotic. According to research, the earliest glasses appeared in Italy, the history of the first one appeared like Tommaso bespectacled figure painting in 1352 in Treviso made things like Provence, then the equivalent of China Ming Dynasty Hongwu years. Data shows that glasses from the West into China is the mid-Ming, but large numbers of glasses should be the early Qing Dynasty, after Cantonese imitation of its style with crystal stone's. In the market to be able to find antique glasses, mostly the 1920s and 1930s of products, is characterized by sophisticated materials to gold as a raw material is the most common and, apart from platinum (Pt), purple, smoky quartz, tortoiseshell , copper, silver, ivory, both from the lens grinding to a convergence between the two lenses of the "bridge", including temples, carving patterns, etc., are all hand-crafted, which is the same as the earlier antique clocks, each pieces are fine craft handicrafts. Protect children's glasses glasses glasses are to ensure that children in the use of high transmittance fundamental measures. Glasses to protect first, glasses storage should be appropriate to temporarily remove the glasses do not wear, do not allow direct contact with your desktop glasses, glasses in the frame that is so recovered arms, feet, arms down, the lens facing upward. If you sleep at night, to put glasses box glasses to prevent lens wear, crushed, broken, glasses box must not be too soft, or long-term squeeze, can clamp arm (temples) deformation, to wear a certain oblique degree of visual impact. Second, pay attention to rub spectacle lenses to prevent wear and tear, dust or dirt on the lens when used flannel or silk graze, it should not make clothes, fingers, wipe or anything, because it will wear lenses, reduced transparency, If this trend continues, it will be like glasses, like a layer of opaque mist obscured, if there is oil on the lens or other dirty things, to make Kazakhstan one breath dirty wet cloth and then gently wipe the lens with a wipe, must not be a hard moment , or something with a hard scratch.

optometry

children in sports or do other strenuous activities, to remove glasses, put glasses box. Children's glasses if damaged, or eyeglasses for vision correction can not achieve normal, we must promptly to the hospital for examination, optometry, re-wear the right glasses, so as to protect children's eyes. Suitable size of the child to wear glasses, the main role in the treatment of the eye, but also play a role of beauty objective. Frame the right size is directly related to the improvement of children's vision, vision development. According to Children's lively, active features, frames and more use of plastic, or made of plexiglass. This frame gutter wider lens securely installed, soft, child wear comfortable, but also difficult to damage, fewer children indirectly eye injuries occur. Moreover, it is cheap, is welcomed by the public of the frame. Frame size should be appropriate, some parents and children think bigger frames look good, there are also a small number of frames that is not easy to swap, these are not comprehensive. Because children eyes pupil position is on the center of the spectacle lens (optical centers), and to maintain the surface of the lens and the eye in a position 12 mm, to play a good correction, therapeutic effect. If the frame is too large, children's eyes away from the optical center of the inevitable, biased glasses inside, there prism effect, causing children to binocular vision blurred, decreased vision, eye pain ache, headache and other symptoms of fatigue, increased refractive errors development, if the frame is too small, the eyes will tend to the outside, also away from the optical center of the lens, a long time because both sides of the mirror legs pressed against the eye bone, temporal side of the face will also affect the normal development of children's eyeglass frames should therefore in accordance with the Children's skull, facial and orbital eye development was appropriate selection of their frames, and with the continuous development of the timely replacement. Although contact lenses and maintenance solution innovation, but because of problems with contact lenses has not thus reducing the number of people, data analysis, between 1992 to 2006 cases of bacterial corneal ulcers found that up to 45% of patients, are the lens care out of the question, where nearly Chengdu Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Contacts First, you must choose the right contact lenses can keep the eyes shiny and comfortable. Suggest that you refer to the following measurements vision need to find a professional ophthalmologists and optometrists: myopia and corneal curvature measurements should strive accurate. Examine their work habits: usually people who need to see distant objects, such as drivers, pilots flying, etc., need to be more precise examination, especially the deployment of astigmatism. Seek medical examination. Professional eye doctor will help you to do a detailed inspection to determine the appropriate types of contact lenses. For example, many people in order to get rid of dry eyes troubled, buy high water content contact lenses, "This is the most common consumer purchase contact lenses myths," glasses Monopoly expert explained, the water content is high indicates high water absorption, lenses To keep moisture degree, will absorb moisture surface of the eye, causing serious water shortages eyes. Moreover, will increase the chances of infection. Contact lenses after the adsorption of tear evaporation, have more protein and sediment accumulation, "fueling the growth of bacteria." Dry eyes, tears secreted less people should choose water content greater than 50 contact lenses, contact lenses because of the high levels it will absorb the tears, let cornea more dry. Basic maintenance effort can not be less choice for maintenance of fluid and proper maintenance is also very important. Contact lens care solution dazzling market, how to choose? To see whether the Department of Health license number, if after the approval of the Department of Health Medical devices will lose Zi No. xxx. Asked the clerk to select the most suitable to wear contact lenses material of medicine, "the best choice for sterilization macromolecules potion ingredients," 4inLOOK contact lenses Monopoly expert explained, small molecules syrup easily stuck in contact lenses, and then slowly released, Instead damage corneal epithelial cells. Preferably containing citric acid to the protein composition of the syrup, 4inLOOK contact lenses monopoly Experts note that the number of charges to use neutralization, ion substitution effect maintenance solution, compared to the chemical nature of the protein components to reduce irritation. Is a hard or soft good good? From the perspective of an ophthalmologist, hard contact lenses correct astigmatism and myopia is better, especially for high astigmatism and irregular astigmatism person. And the higher oxygen permeability rigid glasses, easy to cause corneal hypoxia, "is a more healthy choices," 4inLOOK contact lenses Monopoly experts said frankly, but because after wearing a foreign body sensation, public acceptance lesser extent. The high water content of soft contact lenses, comfort better than corneal lenses big, not easy to fall off and shift lens, the more popular the past, soft contact lenses by increasing water content increased oxygen permeability and comfort, but relatively increased risk of allergies and infections, the latest silicone hydrogel material, oxygen permeability up to 100 or more, and almost hard, is a good choice. In addition to the right to buy, but also to do for maintenance: maintenance instructions in accordance with syrup. Maintenance fluid bottle demands focus is not the same, the difference does not necessarily have the so-called good and bad, "In fact, proper maintenance, you can achieve the same cleaning effect," 4inLOOK Monopoly experts recommend contact lenses in accordance with the instructions to use various brands, such as hydrogen peroxide syrup soaked at least 6 hours, and the general maintenance of liquid is best after multifunctional scrub, then maintenance 4 hours to be effective. In addition, we must pay attention to the date of manufacture and maintenance of fluid retention period, do not use expired medicine. Maintenance solution within three months after opening that is to be discarded even if unused, it is best not to continue to use. Regular replacement contact lenses, extended wear contact lenses, including hard, it should be 1 to 2 years to update. Also, do not throw daily disposable when biweekly, monthly or biweekly throw throwing their own extended period of use, will hurt the cornea. Fixed to the protein. If the use of hydrogen peroxide solution, you need to go every day and then soaked in syrup protein; while the use of multi-person maintenance solution, it is recommended to go weekly protein, reduce chances of infection. Lenses should not be placed in physiological saline saved. No bactericidal effect of physiological saline, to save the lens, easy to grow bacteria. Save boxes cleaned once a week at least every three months fixed replacement, to avoid becoming a breeding ground for bacteria breeding. Cleaning methods you can use cotton balls dipped in a small box cleaning liquid to wipe the surface, and then into the hot water above 79 ℃ disinfected, and then air-dried, try not to put the bathroom, because the moisture is easy to mold. Lens not a long soak in the syrup, the syrup will gradually lose its disinfectant function, but has become a hotbed for breeding bacteria. Infrequently who wear contact lenses, the best two days to replace a soaking, but remember to re-sterilize before wearing clean again. Swimming, do not wear contact lenses. Because the pool chlorine, bacteria, impurities, etc., will be attached to the contact lens, corneal tissue injury or cause infection, and even corneal ulcers. If you see a new product launch or as a friend, you want to replace the syrup, the syrup must pay special attention to the new situation after use, such as redness, itching, foreign body sensation or dryness, tearing, discharge, etc., you must first stop wearing confirm the eyes or syrup, if it is caused by medicine, we recommend disabling, back to the original medicine. Edit this paragraph can not be as suitable spectacles optometry optician based computer seventies of last century since the development of computer optometry are objective optometry, optometry for this machine is optical, electronic, mechanical combination of the three instruments, the principle and Retinoscopy basically the same. Another use of infrared red light and fog, as the device automatically adjust the eye to achieve the purpose of relaxation. Its operation is simple, fast, optometry technology is a big step forward. But all kinds of computer optometry machine will inevitably have some errors, although the use of infrared light and fog, as the device automatically adjust to relax, but not completely eliminate regulation impact, especially teenagers adjust very strong, simple to use computer optometry often inaccurate. If you do need to use the computer optometry, optometry mydriatic eye drops should be used before anesthesia ciliary before proceeding. Computer optometry result in errors mainly high myopia, astigmatism axis poor place. Therefore, computer optometry result can only be done for clinical reference, not directly as a prescription. After going to insist on wearing glasses often while suffering from myopia myopia has been confirmed as true, the degree of 100 degrees or more, you should wear appropriate myopia be corrected. Once the optician, in addition to wash and sleep outside should wear it, because myopia patients wear appropriate glasses, in emmetropia state regulation and vergence functional recovery of the natural relationship. Wearing glasses is not only to improve vision, but also in studying and working within an appropriate distance, so vergence eye regulation and function of normal and harmonious relations between, to avoid eyestrain. Wearing the correct degree of deepening degree of myopia can slow the development of wearing glasses or not and there is no direct relationship. Myopia wear the right glasses, pay attention to eye health, myopia will stabilize at a certain level. But If you think everything will be fine with the glasses, usually pay attention to eye health, continue to make the long-term state of fatigue eyes, still can cause vision loss, myopia. In addition, wearing glasses with inappropriate will increase the burden on the eyes, so vision loss, the degree to deepen. Some high myopia (over 600 degrees), whilst insist on wearing glasses, but the degree will deepen, accompanied by fundus changes, medically known as pathological myopia. Such myopia and myopic degree and family-related, with nothing to wear glasses. Spectacles notation: S: indicates spherical lens, (-) when myopia, with (+) when hyperopia, presbyopia use; C: represents the cylindrical lens, astigmatism using; DS: Mark spherical lens to focus light Edit this paragraph degree view glasses glasses should generally be accompanied by

"Silver fucking dummy" in the new eight

often wear, because the refractive errors of the eye glasses become normal, normal eye can get close to or who should have the ability to . Wear the right glasses, everything will change, providing close to or reach a normal child should have the prerequisites that may help him become a broad-coming talent, do not underestimate the role of glasses. Hyperopia, the eye when reading to be more than normal with a different degree of regulation of force, prone to visual fatigue, to see the word appear blurred, tired eyes, eye pain and even headaches, irritability and other symptoms, and therefore can not be sustained reading, affecting work, study. Significant astigmatism who have similar symptoms, elimination of symptoms after wearing glasses. So whether it is nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, coupled with the general should always wear glasses. Many patients with myopia often heard it said that wearing glasses myopia will increase, the degree will be more deeply, rather than always wear glasses. In fact, this argument and the practice is wrong. People suffering from myopia, because parallel rays entering the eye focuses in front of the retina imaging, so it is unclear to see distant objects. Such as wearing a pair of glasses, you can move back to the retina of the image, just fall on the retina, so to see distant things clearly, and cause eye fatigue is also less chance. Suffering from myopia to wear glasses after the myopia is generally not deepen, because myopia is aggravated with glasses unrelated (but not, except in accordance with the degree of glasses). Some patients with the glasses, while wearing, do not wear while doing so just as easily lead to eye fatigue, aggravated myopia. Labor protection class glasses are anti-red

 

Labour Protection Eyewear (3) strike glasses, goggles, electric welding glasses. anti-impact glasses are mainly used in laboratories, operating rooms and other occasions. goggles are used in windy situations, such as desert areas etc. electric welding glasses are used for electric welding operations to protect the eyes.

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Introduction Background eight disgraces spirit made sense to establish meaningful development direction of the current form of the historical background adhere to the inevitable choice inherent requirements of urgent significance scientific connotation obligation requires express how practicing Expand edit this section Introduction Background 2006 3 April, President Hu Jintao at the Fourth Session of the Tenth CPPCC National Democratic League, the Association raised Lianzutaolun community members to guide the cadres and the masses, especially young people to establish the "love the motherland proud, ashamed to harm the motherland to serve the people proud to depart from the people ashamed to be advocating science proud to Ignorance, Work hard to ease disgrace to solidarity proud to selfish ashamed to be honest and trustworthy proud to unscrupulous ashamed to be law-abiding pride to break the law ashamed to pride in working hard to voluptuous shame, "the socialist concept of honor. General Secretary Hu Jintao's important exposition generalization incisive, meaning deep, with strong ethnic, age and practice, reflecting the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation and the spirit of the age of the organic combination of the basic socialist embodies the essence of ethics and social trends requirements, reflecting the distinctive socialist values-oriented, promoting the formation of good social atmosphere, building a socialist harmonious society of great significance. Eight Dos and Don'ts to love the motherland, do not harm the motherland ashamed to serve the people proud, ashamed to betray the people, Uphold Science to Ignorance, Work hard to ease disgrace to solidarity proud to selfish ashamed to be honest and trustworthy, to unscrupulous ashamed to be law-abiding pride to break the law ashamed to pride in working hard to voluptuous shame . Edit this paragraph spirit of honor and disgrace, is honor and disgrace a pair of basic category refers to the social evaluation of human behavior in order to appraise

Eight Dos and Don'ts

and the people of this self-evaluation experience. Well bred, is a sign of humanity, is a human from the animal, as a man of the important criteria. Shakespeare said: "My honor is my life, the two became one another; take away my honor and my life will no longer exist." Where life and honor became one. Mengzi Yun: 'No shame' evil heart, not human. "Zhu explained:" Shame who Wusuo inherent sense of shame also have the proceeds in the saints, lost in the entry in animals, it is tied to very large . "General Secretary Hu Jintao's" Eight Honors and Eight Shames "as the core of the socialist concept of honor is the national spirit of the Chinese nation and the good old traditional virtues of refining and sublimation, with strong and targeted era. Only bred to right and wrong, and distinguish the beauty and ugliness. Once regardless honor bound to confuse right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness of the boundaries, not only shaken the foundation of ethics buildings, and even entire social climate will be affected. National spirit and the traditional virtues of honor and disgrace sublimation and the national spirit and national traditions are intrinsically close contact, but also the Chinese traditional ethics most basic and general morality. Confucius, Mencius, represented by Confucianism, in two thousand years ago, proposed a 'benevolence "and" righteousness'' as a standard of honor and disgrace; Guan's a "Depository real conceivable manners, fed with knowledge honor "is more often troubled world and the post. Xunzi thinkers of the late Warring States that do not know honor is not an adult. Since then, they made a lot of ancient adage about honor, such as "I would rather crash, can not praise or blame," "rather poor and aspiring, can not be rich and disloyal", "Aim high, and rank can not move, not be obscene wealth, incorruptible Qu "and so on. This fully shows that the Patriots will honor the ancient philosophers and personality into the equally important position. This reflects the spirit of the Chinese nation's concept of honor, is a national vitality, creativity and cohesion of the concentrated expression of a nation's survival, living together, common development of the soul. Eliot Chinese five thousand years of development, that is, the national spirit constantly heritage, continuous development and promote history. Socialist concept of honor inherited the Chinese national spirit and the good old traditional virtues. In the long river of history, no matter how many vicissitudes experienced, our nation always stick with a lofty and sublime for the sheer force requirements. Kimitada body country, the people Ritsumeikan high ideals, dying, laid down his life for human loyalty of disabilities, Wenliang Gong frugal, industrious and simple civilians, who together created the great achievements of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. Carrying the lifeblood of history and tradition, the national spirit and the traditional virtues of our nation to be endless, the spiritual pillar of prosperity. War-era national peril, to come forward, risking his own life, fought by pride, afraid to die, Gouqietousheng were ashamed: the lives and property of the people experiencing moments of danger, to courageous lives of the poor, and selfless devotion by Rong, moral failure, insensitive, unscrupulous persons ashamed; peacetime learning in their daily work, to dedication, hard work and enterprising, innovative person proud, indolent, wasteful, lazy person ashamed. It is these profoundly reflect the national spirit and the traditional virtues of Honor and Shame concept of honor, the Chinese nation is not bad stretches, self-reliance, unity and a strong spiritual bond spiritual power of the Chinese people the most valuable spiritual wealth and cultural heritage, we must be doubly treasure, serious inheritance, vigorously carry forward. "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" as the core of the socialist concept of honor, inheritance of the Chinese nation for thousands of years to form the national spirit and the traditional virtues of our party and the people to carry forward the revolutionary struggle and construction in the long form of the practice of traditional morality, lessons the essence of our traditional concept of honor. We should vigorously promote the whole society, and promote the "emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keeping with the times, innovation, despite the difficulties, indomitable, hard work, pragmatic, fame and fortune, and selfless dedication," the spirit of the times, lifted advanced socialist cultural construction banner, so that the entire community civic morality embodies tradition, but also reflect the characteristics of the times, and always full of vigor and vitality. Zeitgeist distinctive expression of the spirit of the Chinese revolution zeitgeist of contemporary China. General Secretary Hu Jintao inspected Jinggangshan when he said: "China Jinggangshan spirit is inseparable from revolution, reform and opening up and building socialism with Chinese characteristics, the same need to carry forward the spirit of Jinggangshan." Jinggangshan spirit is the spirit of the source of the Chinese revolution, and later the development of the revolutionary spirit is "flow" is its inheritance and development. For example, after the Long March spirit, Yan'an spirit, Spirits and so on. Often talk about these spirits, we can not help but love the motherland and the people with, with perseverance, hard work together. History and reality have shown that without a spirit of arduous struggle for the support of the nation, it is difficult to self-sufficiency; without a spirit of arduous struggle for the support of the country, it is difficult to develop and progress; without a spirit of arduous struggle for the support of political parties, it is difficult to prosperity. In our party's 80-year history, the hard work as a powerful spiritual force,adidas predator 2013, and always inspired us indomitable spirit, perseverance, in the face of various difficulties and challenges stand tall, dare to win. Hard as our party's fine tradition and style, as our political qualities of a Marxist party, the party and the people to unite, inspire the whole Party and the whole people to achieve national prosperity and revitalization of the common struggle of a powerful spiritual force, is to keep our party close ties with the masses is an important magic weapon. General Secretary Hu Jintao during the Spring Festival in 2006, when investigated in Yanan said emotionally, formed in Yan'an Yan'an spirit nurtured this land is our most precious spiritual wealth. Building a moderately prosperous society in the great process, we want to unite the people as the Yan'an spirit, unity and struggle powerful force, as overcome difficulties and win victory in an important weapon, so that a new era of Yan'an spirit radiate light. After the liberation, in socialist construction and reform of our people with wisdom and lives to write - the magnificent pieces of pieces of Chinese new picture with the spirit of the times, including the great spirit of the Korean War, "bombs and one satellite" spirit, "the spirit of flood "fight against" SARS "the spirit of manned spaceflight spirit. Mental aspects of our civic morality advocated "patriotic law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, solidarity, friendliness, diligence and self-improvement, dedication," 20 citizens' basic moral character, to carry forward the national spirit and the spirit of the times throughout the whole process of national education, throughout the the whole process of spiritual civilization, embodied in social morality, professional ethics and family virtues all aspects. General Secretary Hu Jintao stressed the "Eight Honors and Eight shame," the socialist concept of honor is to actively explore our national spirit and the spirit of the times to fully integrate into the economic, political, cultural and social aspects of building effective ways and ways to make the party members, cadres and masses always maintain high-spirited, pioneering spirit. Social value orientation scale social climate is an important symbol of social civilization, is a concentrated expression of social value orientation. Social atmosphere directly reflects people's ideas and behavior, social relations most external manifestations. The ancients said, "morals, but also the world of affairs." To society, culture is that many people through the thinking and behavior of the formation of a universal result is an invisible force. Good social atmosphere can cultivate and nourish people's morality, gives a positive mental state, the healthy development of economy and society has a huge role in promoting. Economic and social development, will also establish a good social atmosphere and the formation of a solid material foundation, and thus the social atmosphere to a higher level. And bad attitudes and behavior once a trend, it will corrode the health of the body social. General Secretary Hu Jintao said that in our socialist society, right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness boundaries must not be confused with, adhere to what the objection, advocate anything, resisted what must be clear-cut. "Eight Honors and Eight Shames", focusing on the development of contemporary Chinese situation and facing the future of the Chinese nation, the current social climate in close contact with the outstanding problems, and highly targeted. What is the scale-oriented "Shame"? What is "glory"? General Secretary Hu Jintao's "Eight Honors and Eight Shames", is a social value orientation of the ruler, as we determined advocate what the objection of the basic measure. Establish good moral ethos is the strong desire of the masses, but also the smooth development of economic and social imperative. Establish a good social atmosphere hinges to distinguish between right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness boundaries lies unequivocally uphold patriotism, collectivism and socialism, oppose extravagance and decadent, decadent decline of social climate; advocating basic socialist ethics, vigorously promote helpfulness, civic virtues of selfless dedication to the socialist concept of honor to regulate and restrain each person's words and deeds. Promote the "Eight Honors" good advice; on "Eight Shames" to say "no" tit for tat. In the moral sphere, unequivocally uphold and promote the "Eight Honors" oppose and resist "Eight Shames", which is a healthy young big things in order to facilitate future generations. Edit this section to establish a sense of social harmony is, a country is able to achieve lasting peace and stability, all members of society depends largely on the ideological and moral qualities. ● socialist concept of honor is a scientific summary of practical experience, and only with the production practice, social practice closely, in order to become uphold the beautiful, boycott fake ugly evil, to create a powerful force for good society. Concept of honor is the world, life and values ​​the important content, to establish a correct concept of honor is an important foundation for the formation of a good social atmosphere. "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" as the main content of the socialist concept of honor as the socialist core value system is an important part, reflects the value-oriented socialism, is to lead social fashion banner. Concept of honor and disgrace is that people honor the fundamental perceptions and attitudes of the world, life and values ​​vivid manifestation. It reflects the value-oriented society, people's mental state and social level of civilization, reflects a certain level of knowledge in society's moral and ethical realm, but also provides the value of social standards and ethical behavior evaluation scale. Socialist concept of honor as a core moral value category, with China's current moral values ​​advocated goal-oriented and value closely linked. Socialist concept of honor has a rich ideological content and distinctive characteristics of the times, covering the individual, collective, the relationship between the state, involving attitude towards life, value choice, social habits and other aspects, reflecting the basic requirements of socialist morality, Since reform and opening to form embodies the spirit of the times, the new situation to strengthen the socialist ideological and moral construction of important guidelines. Socialist concept of honor is the cohesion of the people, promote social harmony and a strong bond. No common ideals and beliefs, without good ethics, is unable to achieve social harmony. "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" as the main content of the socialist concept of honor, is compatible with the socialist market economy and the socialist legal norms and consistent with the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation to undertake a comprehensive system of socialist ideological and ethical system, accurate popular expression. Establish the socialist concept of honor in favor by a common measure of value, guide and help people to self-restraint, enhance the state, and thus coordinate the various interests, to resolve various social contradictions, to build a socialist harmonious society and lay a good moral foundation; favor improve the quality of people especially the ideological and moral qualities, and thus enhance the whole nation's ideological and moral qualities, and promote the comprehensive development and social progress; help improve all citizens between right and wrong, the distinction between good and evil, beauty and ugliness ability to identify and promote the whole society the formation of well bred, and righteousness, and promote harmony prevailed. The process to establish the socialist concept of honor is both a process of awareness, it is a conscious practice. Knowledge comes from practice and guide practice. Socialist concept of honor is a scientific summary of practical experience, it is only with the production practice, social practice closely, in order to become uphold the beautiful, boycott fake ugly evil, to create a powerful force for good society. Production practices is a basic human material production activities, but also to form the material basis of the socialist concept of honor; social practice is that people are engaged in various social activities, but also practice the socialist concept of honor main way. Therefore, we should adhere to the unity of knowledge, word, and encourage people to start from their own side of things from the start, from the start bit by bit, in daily life and work reflect the requirements of the socialist concept of honor; the socialist concept of honor The basic requirements to infiltrate every aspect of social life, so that people realize in practice the spiritual essence of the socialist concept of honor, and better for the family to seek happiness, warmth for others, for the country and contribute to society. Meanwhile, from improving the quality of people, and promote the comprehensive development focus, and constantly improve the masses ideological and moral qualities, scientific and cultural qualities, and promote the formation of a new trend of civilization morality. Edit this paragraph made sense to shape socialist spiritual guidance of citizens and the state party leaders have mentioned several times on various occasions, the socialist concept of honor, but so specifically talked about the socialist concept of honor and the glory and the shame placed in the same important position, but it is rare. General Secretary Hu Jintao's "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" not only points out the ideological and moral construction of Chinese society vital, but also for the reconstruction of the Chinese nation's honor and disgrace, create good citizens of socialist morality, and promote the formation of good social and pointed out the direction. Many people of insight that indicate the direction of contemporary Chinese society's most serious crisis of values ​​is not the loss of moral ideals, not the proliferation of utilitarianism and secular culture, but the bottom line of Chinese culture, civic ethics generally crash. The bottom line ethics is an important feature of collapse deep inside some sense of shame and guilt consciousness fade and eventually disappear: there is no sense of shame, a sense of shame, shame, shame some people any of the things it does not matter; no guilt , guilt, repentance consciousness, not afraid of anything, nothing daring. Once a shameless person, a man who would be difficult to do a good job, work hard and good things. Meanwhile, Lee has been harming others, unscrupulous, lawlessness, voluptuous, etc. Some people will be proud of; while for integrity, serving the people, hard work, etc., but instead "Excuse me," it is can not confidently. For example, the state and the masses to take the matter concerns an armchair indifference, even in word and deed undermine the interests of the nation and dignity; would honesty, hard work, hard work regarded as outdated. " foolish "behavior, and indolent, selfish, unscrupulous is considered to be from" natural human nature ", with a" reasonableness "; also a few people to break the law, squandered, voluptuous to display its own Privileges and prominence; Some college life to use brand proud to thrift as "shabby" and so on. Corrupted the social atmosphere, is to create a socialist citizens, building a harmonious society must strive to clear obstacles. General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward the "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" as we draw up a judge right and wrong standard, which brilliantly illustrates the profound meaning of the socialist concept of honor, encompasses patriotism, collectivism and socialism, as well as the basic socialist ethics and social habits of the essential requirements for the shaping of high moral cultivation socialist citizens and promote good social atmosphere of the formation and development of the direction. We stand to achieve the "Eleventh Five-Year" plan, building a well-off society and building a socialist harmonious society and building an innovative country and the socialist new countryside new starting point. On this occasion, a certain height starting from the development of the times, to firmly establish the socialist concept of honor, vigorously carry forward the socialist concept of honor, and constantly inspire all citizens, especially the youth of the noble spirit of the pursuit, and strive to cultivate ideals, morality, culture , disciplined socialist citizens. The inherent requirements of building a harmonious society Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out: "A society is harmonious, whether the long-term stability of a country, all members of society depends largely on ideological and moral qualities." He added: "the degree of social civilization and social atmosphere important sign is the concentrated expression of social value orientation. "socialist concept of honor is to build a socialist harmonious society important ethical and cultural foundation, firmly establish the socialist concept of honor is to achieve social harmony inherent requirement. In a socialist society, if right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness boundaries are confused, adhere what the objection, advocate anything, what can be done to resist a clear-cut, the harmony of the whole society loses its premise. Push forward the building of a socialist harmonious society, an important aspect is to give full play the function and role of socialist ideology, through firmly establish the socialist concept of honor to right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness knowledge, and thus unify thinking, inspired, gathering strength, to create atmosphere, to build a harmonious socialist society to provide a powerful spiritual force. General Secretary Hu Jintao advocated socialist concept of honor that requires us to build a socialist harmonious society, the whole society concerned about the economic and social development, to be highly concerned about the comprehensive development - mainly comprehensively improve the quality of people. Scientific concept of development required to achieve all-round development, both economic construction and development, but also the political, cultural, social construction and development is to promote overall social progress, including the person's honor, including the moral consciousness and comprehensively improve the quality of , which is building a harmonious society, the most important foundation and prerequisite. Implement the scientific development concept and building a socialist harmonious society, we must strengthen the building of socialist culture, we must adhere to Marxism in the ideological sphere position, grasp the direction of advanced culture, promote patriotism and socialist ideological and ethical, adhere to the socialist concept of honor concept. Current form present,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes WholeNike CTR360 Maestri II Elite White Blue Silver , China's economic and social development situation is generally good, "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" blueprint depicting the good life, so that the people pregnant with joy and anticipation. However, we clearly see that the market economy in the active market consciousness of people, wealth creation consciousness, promote economic development, but also brought egoism and "the money" tendencies; China's economic, organizational forms of employment, benefits and modalities of distribution increasingly diverse, vibrant society in empowering people at the same time increasing the independence of thinking, selective, changeable and differences, social thought of the "decentralized" intensified; coupled with foreign culture thought the impact of the old decadent ideas thrown up, some people's spiritual world covered with dust. Money worship, hedonism, extreme individualism rampant in some people, a few people ideological confusion, loss of morality, right and wrong, good and evil, beauty and ugliness confusion. The so-called "Eight Shames" is a typical portrayal. Reflected in the number of social phenomena, astronomical moon cake box, meal price dinner, make Thrift education becomes weak; piracy, false advertising,nike mercurial, Cheating unknowingly devouring people's integrity conscience. The emergence and spread of these problems, damage the social atmosphere, but also affected the healthy development of economy and society, the building of a harmonious socialist society have impacted the people on this strong dissatisfaction. Development direction "Latin American" lessons in the international arena has attracted wide attention, do not pay attention to social and political civilization and spiritual civilization construction, economic development will inevitably result was seriously damaged and the entire social harmony. Argentina and other Latin American countries have per capita GDP reached 6,000 U.S. dollars, but due to the ability of social progress and harmony ability weak, material progress is not to bring the happiness of life, but to bring the degradation of social morality. Result, social conflicts have arisen, economic take-off and then crashed. This clearly tells us: Modernization is not a simple GDP growth, it is the economic and social, material level off with a double morality. "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" an important exposition is in this context of the times put forward. It is the scientific concept of development of new content, in the current situation for us right from wrong, the difference between good and evil, beauty and ugliness proposed specific criteria to distinguish. It requires us to promote economic development at the same time, attaches great importance to the construction of moral and cultural foundation; requires us to avoid developing in the modern detour on the road to achieve rapid and healthy development of China's modernization. Cultivate a new generation of strategic initiatives socialist advocate of contemporary youth socialist concept of honor has a special significance. General Secretary Hu Jintao emphasized in conversation, to guide the cadres and the masses, especially young people establish the socialist concept of honor. This not only fully reflects the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as general secretary of the youth generation of loving care and high expectations, but also pointed out that young people the importance of establishing a socialist concept of honor. Currently, Moral Education "virtual" and "weakening", "Dahua" phenomenon is more prominent, we need young people from the reality, the difference object, guidance, education in enhancing awareness of honor on the relevance and effectiveness of make an effort. General Secretary Hu Jintao put forward a new historical starting point of the new values, very realistic. "Eight Honors and Eight shame" is a traditional Chinese cultural values ​​further development of realistic and actionable. For the whole of society, especially the young people's ideological and moral education is significant. Young people are the country, the nation's future, their quality relationship in the 21st century China's destiny of the success or failure of socialist modernization, the rise and fall of the Chinese nation. Look at a country, how the future of the nation, the key is to look at the face of young people. Adolescent health care growth is our party's fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people is an important aspect. Development of young people, not just youth itself, which is backed by thousands of families, hundreds of millions of people and future of the motherland. In this sense, grasp the socialist concept of honor education of young people is do the people's satisfaction with the education, is comprehensively improve young people's ideological and moral qualities of strategic initiatives. Adhere to love the motherland, do not harm the motherland ashamed to serve the people proud, ashamed to betray the people, Uphold Science to Ignorance, Work hard to ease disgrace to unite help each selfish ashamed to be honest and trustworthy, to unscrupulous ashamed to be law-abiding pride to break the law ashamed to pride in working hard to voluptuous shame. The "honest and trustworthy, to unscrupulous ashamed." Concluded Secretary Hu Jintao stresses significance of the "Eight Honors and Eight Shames" on the said: "to be honest and trustworthy, to unscrupulous ashamed." honesty is the need for the new era of socialism, everyone should be based on honest and trustworthy Edit this paragraph significance of the historical background of the socialist concept of honor made a profound theoretical background. It is our party following the scientific concept of development, building a socialist harmonious society, strengthening the Party's governance capability and vanguard nature, building an innovation-oriented country, building a new socialist countryside after a series of major innovation theory published another important theory. It shows that our party from building a moderately prosperous society and accelerating the socialist modernization construction height, the development of an advanced socialist culture into a very prominent position. Through the Third Plenum of the "CPC Central Committee on perfecting the socialist market economic system, a number of issues", the central government clearly put forward the "scientific development" thinking. Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixteenth through the "CPC Central Committee on strengthening the Party's governance capability of decision", the "building a socialist harmonious society" as the Chinese Communist Party and comprehensively improve the ability to govern one of the five capabilities. Scientific development and building a socialist harmonious society needs to develop advanced socialist culture. Socialist concept of honor is to develop advanced socialist culture is an important guiding principle guiding ideology plays a clear, unified will, enhance cohesion, unity and struggle of people across the country and lay a solid ideological foundation for the common important role. Imperative socialist concept of honor made a profound social background. First, the socialist concept of honor is based on the current social and moral urgent problems exist in the building concerned. With the profound changes in society and the sustained and rapid economic development, especially in the era of globalization and the rise of the network society, social ideological field showing large numbers of ideas, different ideas and cultures intertwined clash complex situation, on people's thinking, moral consciousness had a profound impact. On the one hand, love the motherland, innovation, forge ahead, science and civilization, a good habit of solidarity spirit has become the mainstream of society. On the other hand, some people's confusion of values, honor does not distinguish between good and evil is unknown, regardless of beauty and ugliness, and even reversing black and white; some of individualism, utilitarianism, pragmatism moral erosion of the human mind, money, power, status Some people chase the target to become. In this case, a lot of good traditional values ​​are blurred or digestion, socialist values ​​and ethics have been seriously affected. Therefore, to establish the socialist concept of honor, a clear multi-age social value orientation, establish the correct moral standards, has become a priority of contemporary Chinese morality. Inherent requirements Secondly, the socialist concept of honor is the development of the socialist market economy inherent requirement. China's reform and opening up and developing the socialist market economy is a profound transformation, greatly liberating and developing the socialist productive forces, improve the people's living standards, enhance the comprehensive national strength. However, the shortcomings of the market economy itself is also likely to cause money worship, extreme individualism, hedonism, and other kinds of decadent ideas. Especially in China's socialist market economic system is not sound, systems and laws is not yet complete in the case, some of the economic phenomena in the field of unethical, illegal acts have occurred, and even spread. Such as the use of commercial bribery, commercial fraud, theft and other commercial extremely unethical, illegal means to seek personal gains; proliferation of fake and shoddy goods; breach of contract, breach of contract, fraud; money, abuse of power and so on. These problems, corrupted the social atmosphere, affecting style, lax people, undermines social harmony and stability and healthy development of economy and society. Comrade Hu Jintao put forward a timely socialist concept of honor, on a clear moral position in economic activities, promote equality, honesty, credibility, fair economic ethics, for the maintenance of the socialist market economic order, promote fair competition provide an ideological guarantee . Finally the inevitable choice, socialist concept of honor is to strengthen the party's advanced nature of the inevitable choice. Socialist concept of honor and strengthen the Party's advanced nature are closely linked, organic unity. Nature is a Marxist party life lies strength. Our party only continue to maintain and develop its own nature, always walk in the forefront of the times, in order to consolidate the party's ruling position, improve the party's ability to complete the party's mission. Firmly establish the socialist concept of honor, for leading cadres to strengthen the party spirit, ideals and faith, bearing in mind the party's purpose, adhere to serve the public and governing for the people, self-discipline, lead by example, and always maintain the advanced nature of the party, has a very important meaning. Edit this paragraph obligation scientific connotation First, "to love the motherland proud, ashamed to harm the motherland", "to serve the people proud, ashamed to betray the people", "Uphold Science to Ignorance" "Work hard to ease disgrace" is a centralized socialist principle of value generalization, but also reflects the socialist morality "five love" the basic requirements, but also the obligation of every citizen should be. Requirements Second, the "solidarity proud to selfish ashamed" and "honest and trustworthy, to unscrupulous ashamed" and "law-abiding pride, ashamed to break the law", reflects that family life, professional life, social and public life citizens should follow the basic guidelines, but also economic and moral construction of the fundamental requirements. Expressed its three, the "pride in working hard to voluptuous shame" is a fine Chinese moral culture, the Chinese Communists in the revolutionary war and peace building excellent moral traditions formed during the direct heritage, but also to reform and innovation as the core spirit of the times the fundamental requirement. It can be said, the socialist concept of honor is a socialist country citizens should abide by the basic principles of morality and ethics highly summarized, but also from the whole value system of the Socialist-led vivid expression. Put forward the socialist concept of honor, a sign of our party's ideological and moral construction of socialist understanding of the law has reached a new height, from a content point of view, it reflects the four aspects of the organic unity: First, the value of the socialist orientation and the organic unity of the socialist ethics. It runs through patriotism, collectivism and socialism, socialist ethics and made a high-level overview of the contents. Second, the organic unity of affirmation and negation. "Eight Honors" is certainly aspects of socialist ethics brilliantly summarized from the front, stresses the need to love the motherland, serve the people, respect for science, hard work, solidarity, honesty, discipline, hard work, "Eight Shames "from the negative aspects of socialist ethics further explained clearly to oppose harm the motherland, betray the people, ignorant, indolent, selfish, unscrupulous, lawlessness, voluptuous words and deeds, the bad character of the current social and unhealthy trends were strong lashing. Three modern social morality and outstanding traditional Chinese virtues of organic unity. It outlines the economic and social development of the new changes were made with the moral spirit of the age requirements, but also inherit and carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, the national character features. Fourth, the rule of law embodied by Virtue of organic unity. Edit this paragraph how to practice one, firmly establish and practice the socialist concept of honor, to the same patriotism, collectivism and socialism closely together. 2, to firmly establish and practice the socialist concept of honor, to the same training and establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values ​​closely together. 3, to firmly establish and practice the socialist concept of honor, to the same material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization closely together. 4, to firmly establish and practice the socialist concept of honor, to the same nurture and promote patriotism as the core of the national spirit and to reform and innovation as the core spirit of the times closely together. 5, to firmly establish and practice the socialist concept of honor, to the same rule of law and by virtue closely together. 6, to firmly establish and practice the socialist concept of honor, to promote citizens with ideological and moral construction and promoting good social formation closely together.

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Introduction of socio-economic and cultural customs and religious beliefs Details Art History Etiquette Wedding building diet Sisu language arts and culture festival spirit worship religious ritual Kawa Medical specialty diet therapy festivals astronomical calendar of historical events unfold Edit this paragraph brief introduction

Wa people

our country are mainly distributed in Yunnan Wa West Union, Cangyuan, Menglian three counties, Gengma, Lancang, two rivers, the town of Kang, Wing Tak, Changning, Menghai County also distributed. Since Wa main distribution area and the Lancang River Salween southern section between the expanded zone Nushan Mountains, hills, hyper-rare, also known as Wa mountains. According to the fifth national census in 2000 statistics, Wa population of 396,610. Use Wa, an Austro-Asiatic Mon-Khmer language family Kawa language branch. Pakistan is divided into RAO grams, Wa, Wa three dialects, each dialect is divided into several indigenous languages. No text of this nation. Prior to the establishment of new China, Britain, the United States prepared missionaries to spread Christianity, a Wa text, very rough, use a small range. After the founding of New China, the people's government sent workers to Wa language conducted a thorough investigation, and in 1957 to design a Latin form of the Wa text. Wa is one of China's Yunnan province of ancient peoples. 109 BC (Han Feng Yuan two years), the Han Dynasty set Yizhou, Gaoligongshan jurisdiction throughout the east of this vast region. Was distributed in the Lancang River to the west of the Wa, Brown, De'ang other family ancestors, has been in the system is under the Han Dynasty. AD 69 (Han Yongping 12 years), set Yongchang County, the area including the current Lincang, Dehong, Simao and Xishuangbanna two Wa Autonomous distribution. Thereafter, the Southern and Northern, Central Plains were built along the Eastern Han Dynasty, the establishment of Yongchang County. Tang, Wa Nanzhao ruled by our ancestors. Song, Wa northern distribution area is under the jurisdiction of Dali Prefecture Yongchang regime. Yuan-chao, Wa Di distinction is part of living in the town flourished in Yunnan Meng Kang Road and the top military and civilian zongguanfu road. Ming Dynasty established Meng commander lawsuit. Then there are other areas Wa distribution set zhenkang Yizhou Yu Yu Yi Meng Ding and government, then the government will be razed Meng Ding Yu Xuan Fu split gengma Division, also known as Mengding House. Along the Ming and early Qing Dynasty slight changes. Thirteen years Guangxu (1887) established the town side of Zhili, administer Menglian, West Union, Lancang, Cangyuan other places. Republic of China period, Cangyuan Gengma set the Governing Council, the town Kang, dual River, Lancang (including MENGLIAN and Western Union) were converted to the county. About the Wa ethnic ancestors and distribution, said: collectively between the Han and Jin Mon-Khmer language family of the Chinese nation as "Pu", mainly in the vast region west of the Lancang River and the Red River, and Zhuang, Dai, etc. Ancesters staggered miscellaneous office. Tang and Song dynasties, the Lancang River to the west "look pretty", "Putz pretty", "red mouth Pu", "black burn Pu" is collapsing Long Wa ethnic language branch of the clan name. Yuan Dynasty "Po Man" stars "Health Po" (or "wild Po") and "cooked Po." "Health Po" In the south of the town and its health, and Wa have a direct relationship origin. Yuan and Ming dynasties, a large number of Han Chinese residents moved to western Yunnan. At the same time, to today as the center of Xishuangbanna and Dehong Dai also increasingly strong. Han, Dai and other ethnic migration, on the one hand residential areas gradually Wa Wa concentrated to the mountains, on the other hand Wa further and other multiethnic coexistence. Ming and Qing literature on the Nujiang and Lancang River Valley residents, there are many different clan name, where "La Ga", "ancient La", "La La", "Hawa", "card La tile", "rancid in vain." and the "card wa" and is on the Wa call. About the situation before Tang Wa, historical records is unknown, one of the reasons is from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the western Yunnan and Wa live in the same area, the language is closely related to the collapse of Long, brown, often summarized in the same name , the body is considered the same family. [1] Edit this paragraph socioeconomic records from the Tang Dynasty can be seen, Wa mainly engaged in hunting, gathering, livestock, and some are already early agricultural economy. Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wa have a greater social and economic development of society at that time from the original collection Wa, hunting transition to agriculture, and from the original clan transition to geo-based rural commune. However, unlike other more advanced clan comparison, social development was still slow. Their "home mountain", kind of grains, hunting still an important position. Farming methods "No cattle farming,Nike Mercurial Vapor Superfly III TF Blue Green Soccer Cleats, but the woman with grab hoe." Although Walled off, but the "migration impermanence, leaving I millet." Since the 19th century, Wa society has changed greatly. This is due to inter-ethnic relations to strengthen economic and cultural relations and commodity exchange caused by the development. Meanwhile, their original social development is uneven and more obvious. Prior to the founding of the PRC, ranking Zhenkang, Yongde Tengchong, Changning, King Wa East and other places, mainly due to local residents Han influential, has been with the local Han as belonging to the feudal landlord economy. Habitat A Wa Shan marginal zone Menglian, Lancang, two rivers, most of Gengma and Cangyuan Wa, due to Dai Dai chieftain deeply influenced and affected by some degree of domination, essentially feudal lords economy. A Wa Shan central part of Western Union and Cangyuan Wa, were more likely to maintain the characteristics of the development of the nation, in the late primitive society or from a primitive society to class society transitional stage. At that time, Western Union Wa features of society, agriculture is the main economic sectors, mainly in kind wadis. Farming methods are from 'TJ farming kindling "to" dig plow sow "in the evolution of social organization are primitive and tribal rural communes, from the point of view of economic relations, ejido members have taken place between the rich and poor and class differentiation and there are about 4% of the total population of slaves, but according to the degree of class differentiation and class relations are still not the final form of class society, the relationship is also a slave-holding society in the original parent in the birth parents of slavery. founding of New China After Wa people gained a new life. June 1954 established the Menglian County, was established in October 1955, Gengma County, in February 1964 established the Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County, was established in March 1965 Union Wa Autonomous County of the West to protect their national equality and ownership rights. founding 40 years ago, the Wa people through the development and construction of various undertakings have made great achievements. them through forestry and water conservation, and vigorously build paddy , changing the original farming methods, the development of agricultural production Xun Alex, a substantial increase in food production over the past no industrial Ava mountains, has established a hydropower station tractors and agricultural implements, metal fabrication, food processing and other local industry, transportation , commerce, culture, education and health services has also been very significant changes. before the founding of New China, Wa little mountain school, there is only one county Cangyuan, primary nearly 200. Wa people already had their first generation college students at A Wa mountain counties have established hospitals, health centers and villages also have a medical team, effectively protect the health of the people. [1] Edit this paragraph arts and culture Wa oral literature colorful, mix, related to the birth of mankind, of all things living, weddings, funerals, rituals,nike mercurial vapor ix, and many other aspects of production and life, is the minority literature Art stylized wonderful. oral traditions, including myths, legends, stories, poems and riddles , maxims, etc., in which the animal or animals and human masters theme of the story is particularly rich, profound metaphorical, often fragrant mountain culture. Cangyuan region since 1965 rock paintings found in groups, although not yet certain by Wa ancestors of the hand, but its content is closely related with the customs of Wa history. cliff painting a total of 10, concentrated in the province Meng River Basin Mid radius of dozens. cliff painting of a village map, and Wa central mountain villages of the 1950s, the structure and distribution of similarity, there are about 3000 years old. [1] Edit this paragraph customs and history of the Wa, a man wearing a black jacket and wide mouth large pants; women with whipped head clothing and bar flower skirts, accessories have collars, necklaces, bracelets, waist and feet hoop hoop, most of Silver or bamboo and rattan products, or painted with natural pigments, or depend on natural color, almost as young and old The common love With the development of society, Wa clothing also began to change, the emergence of dress, skirts as well as some of the more contemporary clothing and decor have, but Wa-populated areas remained traditional national characteristics, and Most of the raw materials from the kinds of clothes made of linen, woven through the fabric from spinning since, according to their traditional way, the processing system to do, weave pattern like a peacock, silver pheasant, etc. Yu Ling, some like civet, pangolin such as fur pattern. Wa village built on the hillside or small multi mountaintop in West Union area and some villages several hundred years of history, clustered into hundreds of families of Dazhai. Wa like to live bamboo, some change lives adobe bungalow This was later changed to new residential form of bamboo can be divided into two layers, the upper living person, the lower off livestock. room simply furnished and bright, it is essential for people to use a fireplace and a sacrifice for the used for worship fireplace or heating fireplace with livestock feed in the pan before introduction, Wa more with bamboo cooking, eating, eating according to the number by the housewife, average completion time. likes chewing betel nut, drinking, there is "no wine, not a ceremony, talk does not count "argument. watery liquor made from fermented rice with red, Dorset in the big bamboo tube, insert the thin bamboo tube sucks. Wa people have the custom of drinking tea while eating chili for men and women young and old common hobby. Wa monogamous family in the form of a small family, property, inheritance and more from the son, the daughter no inheritance rights. Wa inverse formula used in naming his son even name system, traced by their own ancestors. Wa projected upwards all the family the name of the earliest generation called "Secretary Kong", meaning gourd or cave, is a matriarchy worship men and women in the marriage can be freely exchanges, known as the "string girl", three young men, two into the cluster at a office, duet songs with donated betel nut, tobacco represents tokens of love, but marriage by their parents decide, the man to pay a few cattle dowry, known as the "mother milk money" and "money to buy the girl." Sometimes parents party does not agree, the parties fleeing forced marriages, parents do not pursue the past Wa has been a popular cross-cousin marriage tables now have a greater change. Wa implement funerals, a common village cemetery and some areas are reserved to the dead man buried bamboo house bamboo house near or under the customs. [1] Edit this paragraph before the founding of New China, religion, Wa is the original religion of nature worship, animism believe that all the mountains, rivers, and all natural phenomena are not understood Elf, will give rise to fortune. Wa most admired was the highest human dominated "wood by Kat", his five sons were in charge of opening day, the provision of land, thunder, earthquakes and the God of Wa ancestors. addition , there are a variety of water ghost, ghost trees, etc. Some Mahayana Buddhism beliefs Wa region, Theravada Buddhism and Protestantism, which is nearly two hundred years of religious forms appear. Wa people's taboo many. Historically, contraindications Wa people with bad habits that have hindered the development of productivity is one important factor. [1] Edit this paragraph Details A Wa Shan ancient inhabitants - Kawa (wǎ) family Wa, Chinese ethnic minorities. existing population 350,000 people mainly distributed in Yunnan Province, southwest Cangyuan, West Union, Lancang, Menglian,

Wa Granny [2]

pairs, Gengma, Wing Tak, Zhenkang mountain counties and mountainous area. The Lancang River and the Salween, between the mountains of the southern section Nushan "A Wa mountain." And Han, Dai, Blang, De'ang, Lisu, Lahu and other ethnic groups live together staggered. After the Han Dynasty, Yunnan have a "Pu" live. In the Tang Dynasty, "Pu", "look man" distributed in the east from the King East, Weishan, west of Tengchong, Lianghe, south from the town of Cornwall, to the north of the Yongping Town area. "Pu" may be living in this area collapse language speaking ethnic Wa ancestors in general. "Hope Man" is probably the main Wa ancestors. Historical documents "look pretty", "looking Ju Son," "foreign Yu" and other names, and now the Wa self-proclaimed "Wa" is basically the same, or very similar. Wa self-proclaimed "wa", "Ba RAO g", "cloth RAO g", "Wa", "A lie," "A Wa Lai", "Le Wa" and so on. He said there are "pull", "I", "Wa", "Ka Wa" and so on. Known as "rancid", "Hawa", "kava", etc., which means "people living in the mountains." According to the wishes of the nation, in 1962 named "Wa." Wa cultural (linguistic, economic, food and clothing): Wa have their own spoken and written language. Wa language belongs to the Austro-Asiatic Mon-Khmer language family, sub "Pakistan Rao g", "Wa" and "wa" three dialects. Wen Wa old British missionaries to spread Christianity is prepared, more rough. After the founding of New China, the Party and the People's Government for creating a new text. Wa economy dominated by agriculture. Like to eat red rice, drinking tea, eating chili, betel nut chewing, drinking wine. Housing with two layers of bamboo-based. Traditional dress in black for the tone. Many men wrapped black Baotou, a black jacket and wide leg pants. Women's clothing varies, the most characteristic is to wear sleeveless waistcoat style consistent head clothing, under the skirts, wearing a headband made of silver or bamboo strips, collars, necklaces, waist bands, bracelets and other jewelry. Wa Faith: the original religion-based. Few people believe in Buddhism or Christianity. New Rice Festival is the most important festival. Literary and artistic colorful bamboo culture unique. Cangyuan abroad. Wa folk dance: "wooden drum", "rejection hair dance" Wa are folk dance, "Wood encouraged" by many national folk dance competitions. Edit this paragraph history in the Wa region generally spread the "Sigangli" legend. Western Union Wa region interpretation "Secretary Kong" is the Cave, "where" is out, which means that early humans came out from the cave. Tales from the cave where the first out of the Wa. A Wa Shan cave located in central west from West Union County, about sixty years to the nearby mountains. Western Union and other places far Wa people to the cave as the "Holy Land." The interpretation of Cangyuan Wa region, "Secretary Kong" Yes "gourd", "where" is out, meaning mankind from gourd out. Although each region Wa "Sigangli" explains different, but regarded as human Wa Shan birthplace, with

 

They are also jointly reflect Wa mountain area is the earliest inhabitants. "Sigangli" is the Wa point of their life in this nation of ancient memories. Edit this paragraph etiquette

 

Wa people hearty hospitality, greets guests with wine at the head, that no wine, not ceremony. Wa toast customary hospitality and diverse. One is to drink a toast masters from first to dispel the various guests quit Italy, and then in turn gave the guests to drink. King of the wine to the guests, and guests must drink, drink it and try my best to represent the heart frank, otherwise it is considered disrespectful to his master; another form of subject and object are squatting on the ground, the owner gave the guests the wine with the right hand, right hand for guests took a little fall to the ground after the first or right hand bombs on the ground a little wine, meaning King Cho. Then drink it together host and guests. Wa folk who do not know the heart, not the good guy does not toast habits. Every son out, guests leave, the owner have to fight "SongQin ceremony." Namely to relatives or guests toast, then the owner with gourd (Sheng wine) filled with wine, to drink one, and then sent to guests or relatives away from his lips, guests need to drink gourd bottom to show affection, friendship, never forget. Edit this paragraph construction Wa room furnishings simple, no tables and chairs, bamboo mat board when the bed, no blankets, with only one blanket or burlap to do is cover, sleepers head, clothes and sleep. Wa housing, different regions. Influenced by the Han areas, usually the ground vegetation room walls, but also soil and individual cottage wall tile. Most of the Wa region of housing construction and housing similar to the shape of the Dai, building materials are bamboo (bamboo and rattan, bamboo, bamboo, bamboo, etc.), grass (thatch, rafters, ridge sandalwood, wood, etc.). Top of wooden limb reserved for joists, beams and then some thin bamboo tray, and then covered with thatch, built into the overhead of the "bamboo." House, two storeys, who lived upstairs, downstairs livestock, poultry activities are individual households blacksmith bellows Downstairs there is also a set of tools and a blacksmith. Edit this paragraph Wa diet is rice the staple food. Western Union Wa regions like Cook and salt, rice pot boiled over thick rotten rice. Elsewhere Wa then eat cooked rice. Eclipse 3 meals when busy, usually eat two meals. Chicken congee porridge was cooked foods such as camellias top grade. Upland eat now Chung, all ages eat chili, spicy folk without enough to eat, said. Wa main source of meat feeding the family, there are pigs and cattle, chickens. There are also prey on mice and insects habits. Wa some areas there insectivorous habits, and more

Wa women in drying grain

edible pupae and caterpillars feed on grasses and broom red worms and parasites in the melon melon tree more than ten kinds of insects. Generally regard the edible insects along with rice congee, food to eat, and salt, mixed peppers, spicy and delicious. Wa beekeeping is relatively common, but beekeeping method is very special, first with a hollowed out logs, two sealed, leaving a number of holes for bees out and placed under the eaves of the forest or to breed honey, cut 2,3 times a year, with one of the pupae eaten. Wa general hi drinking, drinking bitter tea. The drinking of wine are home brewed liquor soaked. Often drink wine soaked in harmless, healthy. Wa began to drink liquor burning. Wa also love to drink bitter tea. Bitter boil very strong, almost into a tea cream. Although the bitter taste bitter, but after drinking a cool feeling. For hot climate in the Wa region, with a magical thirst-quenching effect. Betel nut chewing is widespread hobby Wa men and women, usually labor rest or chat, mouth all betel quid. The chewing betel leaves are used acutissima substitute boiled with lime, betel nut chewing has allegedly Glister role, but according to medical studies have shown that chewing betel nut perennial (non-substitutes) is suffering from oral cancer is an important incentive. Typical foods are: Camellia porridge, fire snake, green peas fried ant eggs, fried firewood and other insects. Edit this paragraph Sisu Wa mainly live in Yunnan province in southern China. Wa region rich in rice, upland rice and generally kind. Wa people's staple food of rice, followed, also eat corn, sorghum, red rice, buckwheat, Jiang beans, green beans. Vegetables with bamboo shoots, peppers, East melon, pumpkin, gourd ocean, red bean, green bean, soybean, eggplant, taro, and some people in their own gardens planted with vegetables, onions, garlic, chives and coriander and ginger. Wa staple food system approach, there are three: the boil porridge, boiled rice, boiled cooked rice. Ranging from two meals a day. Cooking rice is rice into temporary Chung, Chung how much to eat much. Wa generally like to eat rotten rice (cooked rice and porridge range between semi-semi-thin rice). Brewing is the rice, vegetables and salt, pepper, meat (if any pork, beef) into the pot boiled, boiled rotten food can taste very delicious enticing. Cooked rice the staple food in some areas dominated by non-staple food mainly vegetables, melons, sour bamboo shoots, salt, pepper, garlic or meat soup dish is served with rice, which is usually the most exquisite kind Wa meals. Wa main source of meat feeding the family, there are pigs and cattle, chickens. There are also prey on mice and insects habits. Wa predator insects in some areas there are habits, more edible bamboo pupa, red caterpillar plant parasitic vegetation, insects and parasitic broom tree melon melon more than 10 kinds of insects. Usually when insects are edible along with rice congee, food to eat, mixed with salt and pepper, spicy and delicious. Wa beekeeping is relatively common, but beekeeping method is very special, first with a hollowed out logs, two sealed, leaving a number of holes for bees out and placed under forests or rafters to breed honey , cut 2,3 times a year, with one of the pupae eaten. By Wa custom, housewife responsible for cooking and at the food. After the rice is cooked, the rice served in a large wooden tray given to his family, to give each person a bowl of soup filled, if the meat, then the per capita share of a copy. Family around dinner crouched main Huotang Bian, if an outsider, but also points to a meal. Wa importance festivals, there are related to food gift. Such as "collapse Nanni" (Wa years), sowing festival, to take in new water festival, to take a new fire, pull the wooden drum, all containing the sacred concept, with lush food. If sowing sown farming valley set at the time of the cuckoo reminders. Village here, every household all kinds of ready meals in advance, focusing on the hillside, to a uniform distribution of the elderly to go. Then youth sowing, children bottled water, girl singing harp. Until dinner when I saw the edge of a neatly placed two lines of the same size meal packages are wrapped with banana leaves, no bowls, no chopsticks, people wash their hands after eating depicting a pack sitting, quite touching. It is the labor, music, love, cooking harmoniously together, showing their simple morality. Shuijiu Wa people are hospitable hospitality is the best drink. As a mother of fermentation bacteria, after drinking a refreshing benefits of God, spleen and stomach. Watery liquor and beer are similar, low degree, than beer slightly sweet, young and old suitable for drinking. During festive holidays, every family brewing watery liquor, especially after the reform of the rural economy, members of rising living standards, village here everywhere drift with wine. Wa wine ceremony varied. Some masters to drink a longer dedicated to guests, the guests must drink, and drank, which means the sincerity of both sides: some subject-object with squatting on the ground, the owner the right hand King, then right after the guests pour a little on the ground, meaning King Cho, then Meanwhile Hegan, which means a family. In addition, there are "Jie Yuan wash liquor" is used to mediate disputes. The two sides will participate in the entire team, from the friendship with both the first and the third camp "big Moba '(priest) chaired the meeting. First, toast each other, tell each case been hurt, and blame their own fault; subsequently exchanged beef ribs and perforated yellow wax, which means that in the future should be concentric ventilation; Then pour the presiding officer to make water, wash both sides, in situ plant a boulder represents friendship for generations; while the wrong party damages certain property; final common "Rituals", eating flesh and drinking, for the purpose of celebration, rancor from-opening. Wa generally do not drink tea, drink a bitter tea. Do not drink tea distinctive way: the home-made tea (usually green), with a small aluminum pan and baked golden brown, pending emit fragrance, into the bottom of the small backyard big mouth small pottery urn; tea about Tao two-thirds of the volume of the cylinder. Then poured into water, and put a small wood chips inside the brim with charcoal Sencha tea from time to time with a small chip to pressure to prevent boiling the tea with the tea outside the cylinder. Fried fast first pass of water poured into dry, then add a second pass water, fried to a left-half, the tea can be poured out drink. Wa men and women generally have sucked herbal cigarettes habit. Each has a garden, in addition to plant some vegetables, grow their own herbal cigarettes. Smoking in two ways: one is to use suction pipe, the other is water chimney suction. Shimoda working out or when men and women always want to hang a pipe at the waist, but also carry a woven bamboo cigarette use. Water pipe with diameter 6 cm, length 2 feet made of bamboo, the so-called hookah, is poured into bamboo in the right amount of water, (third) this can suck out the smoke, eliminate tar. If you go to wa stopping or guest house, the owner will warm chimney with both hands held out to you, he wants you to taste home-grown herbal cigarettes. Wa mostly eat eggs, do not make a gift of pepper thing. Rob stepping stone pig ban cheap, god forbid his hand stove, Pets ginger into the house, God forbid hunting in the woods. Guests into the camp to go through the permit, and presented wine and meat or sugar cane; guests into the room, only in the outhouse fireplace and cooking; master chickens, guests will be discouraged; masters offer chicken, guests want to return respect beheaded. Betel nut chewing is widespread hobby Wa men and women, usually labor rest or chat, a betel nut chewing mouth is. The chewing betel leaves are used oak and lime boiled substitutes, chewing areca allegedly have Glister effect. Typical foods are: Camellia porridge, fire snake, green peas fried ant eggs, fried firewood and other insects. Edit this paragraph of Marriage Marriage Wa relatively free, there are "strings girl" (ie love) customs, lad to seventeen, eighteen years old, began to "string girl" was. But Wa "string girl" is a group of multi-way, and in formalizing a relationship before the individual activities less. And this "string girl" activities, and many more men take the initiative. Wa married young men and women generally choose in the slack season: part of the election in the lunar month, namely: Wa cut ox tail festival held to cover wooden drum front of the house this month; another part of the election in September-December Rooms, namely: house terrace to worship Hymenocallis completing this time. In the past, according to the customs of Wa, after the death of his wife, the husband can be transferred to his brother room. If the brother married sister and sister by consent can be transformed into brother's mistress. If the woman's family reluctant to switch rooms, but also marries another, but must be paid by the new husband or dowry to her husband's brother's family surname. Such transfer house marriage, marital discord can also be a divorce, but if the man's family offered to the woman's family will not refund the dowry; asked if the woman's home, the man will have to return home dowry. [3] Edit this paragraph wooden drum festivals such as the status and role of the sacred, "pull wooden drum" will become Wa extremely grand, grand religious festival. The so-called pull wooden drum, that is, from the felling of trees in the forest outside the stockade, pull zhaili, create new drums, replacing the old drum activities. More than Lunar November (Kawa calendar January) proceed. By then, the first meeting by the village headman pull wooden drum to determine the time and deacon (a cow, bear activity costs of people), ready to rob and kill the buffalo the liver to see the number of head of cattle a hexagram, and the watery liquor food. Pull wooden drum that day, daytime Rituals ritual night by the young men have been pre-selected trees felled mountains, ready made drum material. Day 2 morning, Quanzhai men and women (some women can not participate) were dressed in festive costumes, come to pull the drums, we sing and dance side, wooden drum with a rope to drag the stockade. But that day is not wooden drum into the camp, to be parked Zhaiwai, chickens need to sacrifice after another auspicious day into the camp.

 

2012 China's Wood Drum Festival (11) new drum into the camp day, give Walled jubilation. O Village People also drums, to congratulate him, singing and dancing, Rituals and butcher, drinking entertainment. New wooden drum production takes about two ten days. Pull the chisel completion date, and immediately sounded to Quanzhai Annunciation, and held a ceremony to put new wood drum. Night, Quanzhai people gathered around the room at the wooden drum, song and dance once again to celebrate the new wooden drum is made smoothly. At this point, the entire pull wooden drum festival party ended. Reportedly, Wa pull wooden drum to offer sacrifices Mok God. Wa people that Mok is the incarnation of human ancestors, which usually live in the temple, do not ask human things. Only to hear the sound of wooden drum, which will descend to getting rid of danger for human rescuers or shared joy. Romance "string girl" Wa marriage, mostly through the conclusion of free love. The age of marriage in general about twenty, mostly men and women small. But young men and women from fifteen-year-old can begin to participate in

Wa Girls

romance social entertainment. This love activity, commonly known as string girl. String is a group of girls manner. Formalize the relationship in front, alone and fewer activities. In this activity, the man has been in the driving position. String girl is mainly carried out at night. No specific place, mostly carried out at the girl home. When night fell, young men and women will come together in small groups, the boys played the shamisen and blowing the flute, a girl waiting for them to go. With everyone singing and dancing, exchanged tobacco, betel nuts, men and women each hair, laugh slapstick, leering, v. Zhongchang. After several string girl, boy saw the girl after someone, they will send some bracelets and necklaces, combs, headbands and other gifts to her. A few days or a period of time if there's not a girl refund gift that she can have a soft spot for their willing as his lover. The girl is all comers, regardless of who will be 11 gifts accept. They believe that the more gifts lad, explain their appearance and character and other conditions better, the more a sense of glory. Girl, the daughter of parents will also train more people are happy and proud. But do not want to continue to develop relationships lad, gifts will soon be returned to him. Also some girl in string course, the young man if someone fancy girl, will take the opportunity to have snatched her jewelry and scarves and other objects, which means that to propose to her. At this point, the girl whether willing or not, to exclamatory, pretending to resist. If you do not obtain two or three days, it means to accept the young man's courtship. Romantic relationship determined young men and women from the groups will begin their individual exchanges. Thus formally asked the media to marry him and engagement, marriage, tied the knot. New Rice Festival Wa is an agricultural nation, Past low level of productivity, the ability to withstand natural disasters weak. Thus, based on agricultural production and the formation of many godly blessing ritual sexual activity, and some also gradually formed a customized, developed into a festival. New Rice Festival is one of them. New Rice Festival is ripe paddy, happy harvest, tasting new rice day. Because of differences in climate, local cereal mature at different times, thus all regions and villages, and even every household holiday time is not the same, but like many before the Lunar July and August (Kawa calendar nine October) proceed. Date to determine, first, to choose according to their grain maturation auspicious. Second, the death of a parent or grandparent's day is the best sign of the Zodiac. Intended to please the ancestors souls back together with epistemic meters with family, sharing their joy. And ask them to bless their posterity deceased family happiness, good weather, grain harvest. To allow our compatriots to work together to celebrate the Wa around New Rice Festival in 1991 Cangyuan Wa Autonomous County and West Union Wa Autonomous joint decision to each year of the Lunar August 14 as Wa "New Rice Festival." Traditional New Rice Festival for many individual households alone. Day of the festival, the owner to get up early, ready to feast wine and meat dishes. After tapping into his fields to the new Valley. Cut back millet bunch hanging on the door, which means that the soul move into the home valley. The remaining rub down grain, drying with a wok Wei Huo, Chung out the new rice, made of rice. Then the ceremony to be held Samskara: new rice bowl filled with a variety of dishes put together at the table of God, the shaman incantations, sacrifice their Ceres, presented their ancestors. After the ceremony, led by shamans and the elderly, the family hi epistemic m. After the owner to open the door, put their own holiday message tells Linlixiangqin. So folks have to carry a variety of gifts to congratulate him. Master then slaughtered chickens and pigs, and even rob cattle hospitality, song and laughter we share the joy of harvest. Wa is singing and dancing. Bamboo dance, in the past there is a blessing for the elderly died jumping a dance, which has become a recreational dance. Dance forms and China Hainan Li bamboo dance the same. Namely two big bamboo flat out on the ground, in two large bamboo poles outside, people both one pair, face to face holding a small bamboo, bamboo slide back and forth along the Grand carom, sliding pole dancers in two collided voids beating. Dance movements to mimic ants, doves, leopards, thrushes and other animal forms off, lively and cheerful. Bamboo dance, usually in Zhaizhong prestigious and influential held after the death of the elderly in order to hit the pole and dance pestle pestle, Zhaizhong ages can participate. Local old man said: "A man is dead, but immortality of the soul, it can not be separated into another world after the same song and dance, so people want to sing and dance farewell him." It is this broad-minded conception of death, creating a lot of funeral Wa dances. Edit this paragraph arts and culture Cangyuan Cangyuan mainly distributed in Yunnan Cangyuan County, Liangshan waxy, Ban examination mountains between the mountains and get arch Meng Dong River valley area. Was earlier found in China remains one of the ancient cliff mural art. Since 1962, has worked in Cangyuan County to north-central Meng Ding and full of cut, peace, Mount Yang, Meng province and other places rock paintings found in 11 points. Most of these rock paintings painted on the ground several meters high vertical cliff on one sheet. Cangyuan main content of character, like, animal like, village maps, hunting maps, ritual chart, dance charts and so on. Each screen has a central element of a truly depicts the attitudes of primitive life drawing, simple, vivid. Wa reflects the wisdom of ancient and rich imagination. Cangyuan with flat coating method, technique concise, lively and vivid. Human multi triangles, do not draw facial features, but they draw the limbs posture changing, dynamic and intense. Through all the different arms and feet posture, you can see the characters active content. Animals, too, although the facial features is unclear, but through the horn, tail, feet and ears features, you can also identify its species.

Wa

Cangyuan images mostly ocher. Paint pigments may be used hematite, shellac and animal blood prepared from. According to experts' preliminary analysis, these may be Neolithic rock paintings works, dating back over 3,000 years of history. Local Wa people always take it as a fetish to be worshiped. Wooden drum Walled wooden drum is a sign of Wa, Wa said, "Crocker" is a traditional ritual Wa tools, musical instruments and alarm equipment. Generally orang trees, flowers peach or teak tree segment as raw material, its abdomen is made by a certain shape emptied. Sizes, usually about two meters in diameter between 0.5 to 1 m. Branch drums, mother of two kinds of drums. Public drum syllables low, heavy sound. Female drum syllables higher sound crisp. Multiple pairs stored in the village of wooden drum room. Wa walled wooden drum housing is important, but also the iconic buildings. Each village has one to several. It is made of six pillars, three beams and structures made of bamboo or thatch, surrounded by a small shed without walls. Wooden drum room though small in size, simple structure, it is a wooden drum storage areas, solid this very sacred temples with other ethnic features and status. Wa wooden drum is a symbol of Wa people worship sacred thing. They believe that the wooden drum is "speaks of the device," "Babel drums", "life depend on water, thriving by wooden drum." Therefore, usually can not tamper with, only sacrifices alarms and other major collective festive activities to beat. Walled wooden drum is a sign of the Wa, Wa said, "Crocker" is a traditional ritual Wa tools, musical instruments and alarm apparatus, generally orang trees, flowers, peach or teak tree segment as raw materials, Branch drums, female Drum two kinds. Public drum syllables low, heavy sound. Female drum syllables higher sound crisp. Wa folk songs "Ko grid to" (play song), custom songs, religious songs, love songs, work songs, etc., Sound area is low, narrow range, rhythm, beat in a more structured two main. Edit this paragraph languages ​​Kawa language belongs to the Austro-Asiatic Mon-Khmer language family Kawa De'ang language branch, there are cloth Rao grams, Wa, Wa three dialects, each dialect another dialect differences. Wa and De'ang language, Brown language family ties, and the Dai language more closely, about 10% of the vocabulary of Dai Loanwords. Before the liberation, except for some areas had used one kind of spelling words with the Latin alphabet, the Wa no text. People often corn, rope, carved wood and other methods to count notes. Since long-term and near Wa Dai, Lahu, Han exchanges, so some learned Dai Wa, Lahu and Chinese. After liberation, the Chinese Academy of minority languages ​​investigation with the third team to guide the work of Minority Language Committee together on Wa investigation and analysis and extensive solicitation of opinions drawn up based on the Latin alphabet, "Wa (then known as Leica Wa) body text plan "(draft), and approved the pilot. 1958 made changes to the draft and to continue to promote and published popular books. During the ten years of turmoil, Wa Man pilot work interruptions. Trial resumed after the Third Plenary Session, and published "Kawa Chinese Concise Dictionary" and some other books. Wa text of the implementation of Wa social, economic and cultural development and prosperity of the record provides a scientific writing instruments, has been welcomed by the people of Wa. Edit this paragraph polytheistic religious beliefs Wa past the primitive religion of animism widely, especially in West Union Wa. This is mainly because in the very long historical period, Wa productivity is extremely low, not scientific explanations of natural phenomena, they can not get rid of the natural disaster and disease caused by, resulting in fear. Gods worshiped at Wa people's minds, mountains, rivers, and biological and all natural phenomena can not be explained has a "soul" or "spirits." "Spirits" is the Chinese translation of the meaning, Wa on the "ghost" and "God" and "ancestors" does not distinguish between, is the same concept. They think "ghosts" to dominate all the world, will give rise to safety fortune, so to them to worship. Western Union is the most admired Wa "wood by Kat." Cangyuan Wa called "Meggie," think of it as the highest gods dominate all things, is the creation of all things "big ghost", which created animals, plants and people. Wa hold religious worship it every year to dance to please it. Wooden drum is to knock it down to hear the drums worshiped by the people. Built a new house when they take the bamboo stool clean "wood by Kat" and all the spirits of nature and help get rid of a variety of diseases caused by the disaster. "Wood by Kat" holds human life. Dreamed it a good omen, as it pulled away the dream of being a harbinger of death. So usually people's every move can not violate it, or would have been unfortunate. Folk think "wood by Kat" is the highest gods, it seems light, fire, like air, omnipresent and omnipotent. It has many sons: Tube earthquake called "Glasgow Sophie Farm" tube heaven called "Da Luan" and so on. These spirits have various sizes, but there is no governance relations, but their duties, the big pipe event, while the small tube trivial. So, what the hell what happened sacrifice to ward off blessed, Erji other spirits is useless. Such as stomach ache only offering "Macro", if Ji "wood by Kat" is useless. Sacrifice "yo black rabon" (according to the meaning of the new water), also known as "pus Kay Iron" days. Legend of mankind since the "Secretary Kong" and will not speak out, illogical reasoning, humans went to the river washed her face until after the speech, then this day is the "pus Kay Iron" days. So then migrate to where Wa whether to build the village established village, take the first fishing tank of water, so the formation of the Wa calendar held every year on January 3rd to take in new water activity. That day, no less than Quanzhai ground or travel. Morning, the water festival director Walled nest Lang sounded wooden drum called Quanzhai people. Came with a bowl of rice per nest Lang. Able-bodied men carrying bamboo followed Moba to repair the source of water for the sink. Moba mice will be cooked on the water side to make sacrifices pray and recited. When the new majority of the water after reaching the village, let prestige of the elderly take water to the water tube nest Lang boiled rice for everyone to eat, and then each household to take water to use. Ji Gu, is a most sacred ritual Wa, human sacrifice or "blood sacrifice" of a form. Sacrifice whole process usually takes ten days, in addition to one or several Rituals heave offering, the Quanzhai people are entering the carnival season, drums, singing and dancing. To liberation, this custom in our country has been rid of most of the Wa region, now extinct. Edit this paragraph Wa Shun Medical specialty therapeutics Law "Heaven and disease" along with the method, a disease caused by heaven and earth with a submissive way, because "the world" can not defy, only obedience to the law and conditioning world the relationship between the human body, in order to achieve the purpose of rehabilitation. Scattered Law "with scattered wind-induced disease of Law", the wind invisible and often change constantly, so with sporadic method of treatment. For example: rheumatism, stroke and other diseases, with "casual" style commonly used medications such as black ants house, camphor tree, Chuanxiong. In fact with Chinese medicine, "expelling" therapies basically the same. Run Act "Run" means "wet" that cause many fires caused by the fire was water off, so Herun France. Such as burns, burns and other diseases with a selection of more water treatment medications, commonly used by the soft grass, tea, honey, bear oil, snake oil. Edit this paragraph is a historical event Wa industrious, brave people, in the long process of historical development, not only for the development and construction Wa mountainous southwest border economic and cultural prosperity has made an important contribution, but also in the invasion against powers, defend the motherland's territorial and sovereignty struggle, but also established immortal feats. From the 19th century to the 1930s, the British imperialist forces repeatedly invaded the Wa region, for spying, surveying the terrain, mines and other aggressive activities spies are being Wa, Dai and Han peoples and other local heroic resistance. 1890 (Qing dynasty sixteen years), the United Kingdom a "expedition" in 500 under the protection of British troops invaded A Wa Shan and other places, the Wa people, "armed with weapons," to resist, scared the British leader " Mianrutuse from people also fear ", fled in panic. 1898 (Qing dynasty, twenty-five years), and Britain Assigning Mengding, A Wa Shan, Burma and other places Menglian boundary, intended for the British invaders occupied our territory map

Wa Girls

mou, Wa, Dai and Han peoples once again take up arms and waged a resolute resistance. Banhong Cangyuan County, Ban old regions rich in silver, lead deposits. Coveted England from 1927 onwards, they began to spy minerals, Pirates of the transport slag. In 1933, more brazenly repair highways, ready to occupy this region, capturing deposits. After the boycott and resistance, early in 1934, actually dispatched a large number of armed forces occupied mine. British barbaric aggression provoked the anger of the people of Wa. Year in February, Ban Ban Wang Hung Wang and invited more than 10 surrounding tribes, in Banhong rallies, Rituals vows, "I would rather bloody, broken no English Emperor slaves." Immediately after the meeting organized three armed, began to struggle against the British, which is shocked, "Ban flood event." Dual River, Lancang, and other places Gengma Wa, Dai and Han peoples also organized more than 1,000 militia rushed Banhong regional war, people across the country have been supported in various forms, with a heavy blow to the British . Later, as the Nanjing Kuomintang government concessions and compromises, making this mainly to the Wa people, vigorous anti-British struggle suppressed. But this struggle demonstrated the high spirit of patriotism Wa people, for excitation of local, national and even anti-imperialist patriotic people also played a positive role. Banhong of the "Anti-British Banhong ruins monument" has become an important local patriotism education bases and Yunnan provincial key cultural relics protection units. Edit this paragraph astronomical calendar Wa people in the struggle with nature for long years, from the production and life of hard labor practice, and gradually accumulated about astronomy and meteorology, mechanical principles and pharmaceutical knowledge, resulting in a simple science sprout technology. These science and technology, reflecting the level of development of the social productive forces Wa and their wisdom and creativity. 1. "Star Calendar" Wa ancestors through long-term production, life practice, flowers and trees found on the ground Xing Sheng, enduring cycle with Jupiter and the moon appeared in the sky meet, leave, re-encounter between cycle corresponds to a certain relationship. After long-term observation, exploration, and gradually created to guide agricultural production and arrange events Wa calendar - the unique "star calendar." Because the history of Wa no text, so "Star Calendar" is the masses through generations Wa spread. Wa moon called "Kay", called Jupiter, as "Star Wood temperature", "Star Calendar" to the moon and Jupiter, the planet will run three full cycle of 360 days a year, a year is divided into 12 months. Month is divided into three, each round of ten days, round out another nine (some villages in 10) names to count. The name of one to 29, in order of priority as follows: "Do not pull" (day), "black pull" (the 2nd), "pus" (three days), "child dragon" (4) "Gong" (25 ), "Shi-Long" (26), "children come" (seven), "The Gate" (28) "Oh," (29), the tenth day of the first day of the same name as "do not pull . " These names cycle three times a month (30 days). January to December of the name as follows: January (Kay iron), February (Kay children pull), March (Kailv), April (Kay collapse), May (Kay splash Ann), June (Kay Liu), July (Kea Liu), August (KSB-generation), September (KSB top), October (Kay high), November (Kay High Speed ​​Rail), December (Kay Gaura) . Wa the Earth, Jupiter, the moon three runs met this day called "A Ma Star Wood temperature" (meaning moon and the stars fight). This day is the first day of the year, it is often said that the beginning of the year day. Walled day as the people who put the most unlucky day, has been used as the anniversary. In the "Star calendar", the "A Ma Star Wood warm" day approximately around 10 December in the Gregorian calendar, also known as "no Lacaille Iron" (ie, January 1). Wa "Star Calendar" is a long-term labor Wa ancestors accumulated experience and industrious wisdom. Wa people for astronomical observation, although in visual observation stage, but this observation and exploration through the creation of the "Star Calendar" on the Wa people in the development of agricultural production plays a big role. The following table Wa "Star Calendar" arranged by agricultural production and living activities: Wa lunar month calendar month calendar month (translation month) agricultural activities other activities? 1211 Kay iron ("Grenada" month) buckwheat harvest winter ride Sink 112 Kay children pull ("solid Spe" month) selected "lazy fire to" build a new house 21 Kailv ("resistance" month) mow valley, land preparation, seed potatoes, 32 Kay collapse ("gas Ai" month) kind of sweet potatoes, sprinkle with upland rice seeds poured over Songkran 43 Kay Ann ("Amu" month) corn, paddy 54 rake Kai Liu ("X" month) ZaiYang close potatoes man hunting 65 Kea Liu ("Hom sweep" month) pull out weeding repair wooden drum housing 76 KSB-generation ("Granada" month) to close early corn, picking pumpkins 87 KSB top ("A match" month) upland rice will be cooked to strengthen manage large Cleaning stockade 98 Kaige ("A generation of clothing" month) repair shod (terrace) 109 Kaige iron ("High Ha its" month) harvesting rice over New Rice Festival 1110 Kai Gela ("High Ha downtown" month ) kind Wintercrops young married calendars created in the history of the world, Wa "star calendar" and Han ancient "Lunar" and the ancient Egyptian "late star system calendar", as are all human beings in astronomy outstanding contribution to the field of science. Edit this paragraph diet Wa staple food is rice. Western Union Wa regions like Cook, salt, rice pot boiled over thick rotten rice. Wa then eat elsewhere cooked rice. Eclipse meals when busy, usually eat two meals. Chicken soup is homemade food such as porridge camellia top grade. Upland Multi eat now Chung, young and old are eating chili, people have "no spicy enough to eat," said. Wa meat comes mainly from family farming, pigs, cattle, chickens. There are also prey on mice and insects habits. Wa some areas there insectivorous habits, but eating pupae, parasitic plant vegetation red caterpillars, worms and parasites in the broom tree melon melon more than ten kinds of insects. Generally regard the edible insects along with rice congee, food to eat, salt, mixed peppers, spicy and delicious. Wa beekeeping is relatively common, but beekeeping method is very special, first with a hollowed out logs, two sealed, leaving a number of holes for bees out and placed under the eaves of the forest or to breed honey, cut 2,3 times a year, with one of the pupae eaten. Wa universal hi drinking, drinking bitter tea. The drinking home brewed liquor are "soaked wine." Often drink soaked in wine is not only harmless, but healthy. Wa recent decades began drinking liquor burning. Wa more drink bitter. Some bitter boil very strong, almost as a cream tea. Although the bitter taste bitter, but after drinking a refreshing feeling. For hot climate in the Wa region, has a magical effect to quench their thirst. Betel nut chewing is widespread hobby Wa men and women, usually labor rest or chat, the mouth is chewing a betel nut. The chewing betel nut are used oak leaves and lime boiled substitutes, chewing betel nut with Glister alleged role. Typical foods are: Camellia porridge, fire snake, green peas fried ant eggs, fried firewood and other insects. Edit this paragraph festivals such as the sacred wooden drum status and role, "pull wooden drum" has become extremely Wa grand, grand religious festival. The so-called "pull wooden drum," that is, from the felling of trees in the forest outside the stockade, pull into Zhaizhong, create new drums, replacing the old drum activity. More than lunar month (Kawa calendar January) proceed. By then, the first meeting by the village headman pull wooden drum to determine the time and deacon (a cow, bear activity costs of people), ready to kill the buffalo rob several head of cattle a diagram to see the liver, and Shuijiu food, etc. . Pull wooden drum of the day, daytime Rituals ritual night felled by the young men mountain trees have been pre-selected, ready made drum material. Early next morning, Quanzhai men and women (and some women can not participate) were dressed in their holiday best, come pull the drums, we sing and dance side, wooden drum with a rope to drag the stockade. But not that day into the camp wooden drum, to be parked in Zhaiwai, need to sacrifice chickens after another auspicious day into the camp. New drum into the camp of the day, give Walled jubilation. It is also adjacent walled drums, to congratulate him, everyone singing and dancing, rob cattle, butcher, drinking entertainment. New wooden drum production takes more than 20 days. Pull the chisel completion date, they should immediately sounded to Quanzhai Annunciation, and hold a new wooden drum installation ceremony. Night, Quanzhai people gathered around the wooden drum room, once again singing dance, celebrate the new smooth drum made of wood. At this point, the whole "pull wooden drum" festival party ended. Reportedly, Wa pull wooden drum to offer sacrifices, "Mok" divine. Wa people believe that "Mok" is the incarnation of human ancestors, he usually lived in the temple, do not ask human things. Only to hear the sound of wood drums, he will descend to getting rid of danger for human rescuers or shared joy. Romance "string girl" Wa marriage, mostly through the conclusion of free love. Average age of marriage at 20 years old, many men and women small. But young men and women from fifteen-year-old can begin to participate in social recreational activities romance. This love activity, commonly known as "string girl." "String Girl" is a group manner. Before formally established a relationship, a separate activity less. In this activity, the man is always in the driving position. String girl mainly at night. No specific place, mostly carried out in a girl. When night fell, young men and women would gather together in small groups, boys played the shamisen, blowing the flute, a girl waiting for them to go. With everyone singing, dancing, exchanged tobacco, betel nuts, men and women each hair, laugh slapstick, leering, v. Zhongchang. After several string girl, boy girl fancy someone, it will send some bracelets, necklaces, combs, headbands and other gifts to her. If a few days or a period of time not seen the girl returned gifts, we can assume that she has a soft spot for himself, as his lover willing it. The girl is all comers, regardless of who sent the gift will be 11 accept. Because they believed that young man, the more gifts, explain their appearance, personality and other conditions better, the more we feel glory. The girl's parents will also train more people while his daughter happy and proud. But do not want to continue to develop relationships lad, gifts will soon be returned to him. Some girls are also in the process of the string,Adidas Predator Lethal Zone TRX FG Prime Blue Black Yellow Soccer Cleats, the young man took a fancy to someone if the girl would take the opportunity to have snatched her jewelry, scarves and other items, which means that to propose to her. At this point, the girl whether willing or not, will be exclamatory, pretending to resist. If you do not obtain two or three days, then it means that accepted the young man's courtship. Romantic relationship determined young men and women from the group will start a separate communication. Thus formally asked the media courtship, engagement, marriage, tied the knot it. New Rice Festival Wa is an agricultural nation, past low level of productivity, the ability to withstand natural disasters is relatively weak. Thus, based on agricultural production and the formation of a lot of godly blessing ritual sexual activity, and some also gradually formed customize and develop into festival. "New Rice Festival" is one of them. "New Rice Festival" is a ripe paddy, happy harvest, tasting new rice day. Because of differences in climate, local cereal mature at different times, and thus various regions villages, and even every household holiday time is not the same, but more generally the Lunar past July and August (Kawa calendar nine October) proceed. Date to determine, first, according to their grain maturation choose an auspicious date. Second, the death of a parent or grandparent's day is the best sign of the Zodiac. Intended to please the soul of ancestors back with his family the same epistemic m, shared joy. And ask them to bless future generations deceased family happiness, good weather, grain harvest. In order to be able to jointly celebrate the compatriots across the Wa "new rice festival", 1991, Cangyuan Wa Wa Autonomous County and West Union joint decision of the annual Lunar August 14 as Wa "New Rice Festival." The traditional New Rice Festival for many individual households alone. Holiday that day, the owner got up early, ready for the feast of wine and meat dishes. Then go to the fields tapping Shintani. Cut back millet bunch hanging on the door, which means that the soul of the valley into the house move. Rub down the rest of the grain, drying with a wok Wei Huo, Chung out the new rice, made of rice. Then hold Sacrificial Rites ceremony: new rice bowl filled with a variety of dishes placed on the altar along with top of the shaman incantations, worship Ceres, presented ancestors. After the ceremony, led by shamans and the elderly, the family hi epistemic m. After the main talent opened the door and put our message to inform neighbors have turned their holidays. So people have to carry a variety of gifts to congratulate him. Master the chickens, slaughter pigs, cattle and even rob hospitality, song and laughter we share the joy of harvest.

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Huang Zhong Lu dog ear dog ear mound messenger yellow yellow ear Chuanshu comment vernacular interpretation of classical provenance Expand Edit this paragraph yellow ear dog Lu "Shu Yi Ji" contains: Lu (AD 261-303 years , Wei and Jin Dynasties famous prose writer and literary theorist, who carried the word, Hao Huating County, now Shanghai Songjiang people) is low, quite good hunting, in Wu, home to offer customers faster Dog Day yellow ear. Machine Ren Luo, often from Sui. This dog Xiahui, language can be experienced man. And often borrow three hundred miles, dogs know the way from also. Machine custodial official capital, for a long time without a home to ask. Machine language drama dog, saying: "My family absolutely letters, Chi Runeng deliver a letter to take the message No?" Dog happy and wag its tail for the sound to be. Machine test for the book, filled with bamboo, the Department of canine carotid Dog Field Day Road, to Wu, hunger is man grass bite of meat, each by flood, Noir by crossing who Mi hair off the end to it, was out due to crossing. To drive home, mouth tube, as shown in the sound. Home early to open tube, take the book to see Albert, dog Youxiang people make a sound, if asked for. Their home answer book, the inner cylinder, polyphyletic dogs neck. Dog Fuchihuanluo. Meter pedestrian Pentecost, canine dealings before half. After the dog died, it was buried village south two hundred machines, poly soil for the grave, the villagers call it as "yellow ear mound." Dalmatians messengers and "Songjiang Prefecture" also remember the "yellow ear mound": In the House south. Machine has a fast dog day yellow ear. Xing Hui dark. Language can be experienced man. Los randomization. Long time no home to ask. Machines for the book. Department of dogs with bamboo neck. Order Chi return. Complex was reported also Luo. After the funeral here. Thus widely spread in the Chinese folk as "loyal dog messenger" story. Today Shanghai to Luoyang distance over 1000 kilometers of roads, "yellow ear" a thousand years ago with only half a month's time to run back and forth should be when was "rapidly" and the word, called the first "courier" of the now! To the Tang Dynasty poet Li whom also in the "consort with Shen Fu was Yugou water,2013 Football Boots Soccer Cleats Shoes Nike MercurialNike Mercurial Vapor VIII TF White Blue ," a reference to the poem: "dog book went to Luo, Xun Qin crane disease regret." Zhu Yuan Zhang also "normalized eastern Zhejiang Kan Yu Pak Mayor Wang Jujing domain" in praise: "Jiaxin decade yellow ear dogs, bald black township heart overnight." Seeing yellow ear mound busy searching vernacular, especially attached to this: the beginning of a great poet Lu Jin raised a dog, named Huang ear, and even loved by the owner. Lu old capital Luoyang apartment, very missed southern hometown, one day it would be for yellow ear joked: long time since I can not communicate at home, you can help deliver the message you? The dog wagged his tail actually do not want to, again and again sound, it seems that promise. Lu greatly surprised, and immediately wrote a letter into the bamboo, tied yellow ear neck, put it out. Yellow ear not only the letter sent to Lu's home, the family also brought back the reply. Hometown and Luoyang, thousands of miles away, people need fifty days round trip, while the yellow ears only took twenty days. Later, the yellow ear often run in both north and south, as Lu delivered letters, became a dog messenger. To thank the "yellow ear" Chuanshu of power, it's death, Lu put it buried in his hometown, the villagers call it as "yellow ear mound."

 

Edit this paragraph Huang explained yellow ear ear-book biography book (huáng ěr chuán shū) explained yellow ear: dog name; book: Epistle. Yellow dog oriented person roundtrip Chuanshu. After passing letters from home analogy. Also known as "yellow dog book", "yellow dog Jishu", "yellow dog pass book." Source Source "Book of Jin Lu Chuan": "first machine has Chun dog, it is called yellow ears, and even love. Subsequently custodial blending the capital, for a long time without a home ask ...... machine is for the book to the Department of bamboo Sheng its neck, dog walking south wayfinding, Suizhi their home, was reported also Luo and subsequently due to that often. "classical Lu came, quite good hunting. In Wu Hao Sheng, offering customers fast dogs. Dubbed: "yellow ear." Machine Hou Shiluo, often from Sui. This dog Xiahui, language can be experienced man. You Chang borrow three hundred miles, dogs know the way from also, the 1st home. Machine Roam capital, long homeless ask dogs due to play, saying: "My family absolutely letters, Chi Runeng deliver a letter to take the message does not?" Hi wag the dog make a sound be it. Machine test for the book, filled with bamboo, the Department of dogs neck, dog out of Roads, disease toward Wu ...... Path to the machine home,Nike Mercurial 2012-Nike Mercurial Vapor VIII Firm Ground Football Boots White Blue Soccer Cleats, showing mouth of the tube for the sound. Machine barrel to take home open book, see Albert, dog Youxiang people make a sound, if asked for; their home answer books of the inner cylinder, polyphyletic Great Neck, canine vested answer, still Chi Huan Luo. Total people away Pentecost, while dogs only half dealings. After the dog died, the funeral, burial machine also deported village to drive home two hundred paces, polyethylene soil for the grave. Villagers called for the yellow ear mound. Edit this paragraph Notes 1. Lu: Western Jin Dynasty writer 2 Ren Luo: in Luoyang official 3. Xiahui: intelligent 4. Custodial: stay 5 home Q: home audio 6. Nurture: Take 7. Bite: bite vernacular translation: Lu Ji young, I liked to play hunting. His home is Wujun giants Han, Menke dedicated to him a run very fast dog, named "yellow ear." Lu came to Luoyang official, often the dog with you. The dog is very clever and can understand human speech. Lu once lived in three hundred years he lent someone outside, the dog (actually) know the road, their running back, with only one day they went home. Lu sojourn in the capital, long time no home letters, then right dog joked: "My family broke off letters, can you take my letter went to fetch news?" Dogs wag their tails happily barking representation response. Lu will try to write a letter filled with bamboo, tied on the dog's neck. Dogs run out of the house all the way to the Roads ...... Wu Lu straight to the house of bamboo mouth cried, to take his family to see. Lu family open bamboo remove letters, after reading Youxiang family dog ​​barking, as if the family requested a reply. Lu family wrote a reply within a bamboo place, and tied on the dog's neck. After the dog gets a reply, and from the same route ran back to Luoyang. Calculating person's trip even fifty days, but only with yellow ear and from half a month. Later, the dog died, Lu will be on the use of coffins buried it shipped back to the village, two hundred paces from Lu Jia, bulldozers for graves. Village people called yellow ear grave.

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People Profile Profile People Quotations Lim had commenced Edit this paragraph character file has Lim Profile male, Han nationality, May 23, 1969 Born in Hunan Leiyang Small Town Qunli village once home care carp , the Department of Zong St. Zeng [ 1 ] 79th -generation descendant . Zeng studio founder Lim cultural economy , international brand alliances (IBF) chief search officer. [ 2 ]

had Lim

Personal experience : May 23,2013 New Nike Soccer, 1969 Born in Hunan Leiyang . Creation of Hunan University in 1990 published "True , signpost toward happiness " in 1991 graduated from Hunan University Electricity professional . Since 1991 has served on the Canton nitrogen , Lafe ,Nike Zoom Kobe VI, Stone Group . 1993 Chiyoda Co., Ltd. was founded in Guangzhou City . 2002 was Hong Lim cultural and economic development career. Mr. Liang Zhongguo work began in 2003 to promote the " Chief Brand Officer (CBO)" career. February 2009 was appointed Global Festival of Creativity Internet experts . Mr. Zeng Fanglin is an important cause of the Chinese search engine promoter . Edit this paragraph People Quotations Business Leaders goal --- the "World Cultural Economy of the Soul" their great care, the pursuit of unity of knowledge , lifelong learning, self- introspection , " Zhengxintai Slim Qijia rule the world",mercurial, Dusing diligent practice , enriched by "Brave pay loving " soul ! life mission --- " world peace ambassador" was aimed at peace Lim , initiated a "new Chiyoda cause of international peace " , has some areas of domestic and international economic development and improving people's lives make a contribution. The temptation of money for me just like a Lonely quietly over, because today 's platform , is the most able to play their role in the place .